Abstract
Protecting food from the corruption caused by different microbes is a big problem, as we need safe methods for food packaging. In this study, Ulvan (U), edible sulfated polysaccharide extracted from Ulva lactuca, was mediated for the first time non-toxic biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) to produce new and safe bio-nanocomposite films called (U/Ag-NPs) films for active food packaging. Ulvan was extracted by hot water-extraction and ethanol-precipitation method and was characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using U. lactuca was proven by Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-VIS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses. Investigation of films was by incorporation 1m M of Ag-NPs into different concentrations of ulvan (3, 6 and 12%, w/v). The formation of bio-nanocomposite films was confirmed by FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and TEM analysis. Bio-nanocomposite films were further characterized by physical parameters as water vapor permeability (1.18±0.07, 0.9±0.09 and 0.55±0.1 10−8 g mm cm−2 h−1 Pa−1), film thickness (0.01, 0.03 and 0.08 mm) and contact angle measurements (70.833°, 81.066° and 109.066°) respectively. The bio-nanocomposite films also showed high antimicrobial activity using Kirby-Bauer method as antibacterial and good antioxidant activity with IC50 = 1.128 µg/ml. (U/Ag-NPs) bio-nanocomposite films exhibited good chemical and physical properties, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities making them a potential substitute for active food packaging to extend shelf-life of foods during processing, transportation and storage with no harm as previous packaging methods.
Highlights
Egypt had begun packaging food, as the ancient Egyptians had packed all their daily needs with their mummies and had produced paper from the papyrus plant to pack food such as vegetables and spices (Gupta et al, 2017)
Characterization of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles was achieved by Ultra Violet-Visible (UV-VIS), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analyses
The absorption spectrum of UV-VIS was shown at 446 nm (Fig. 1), this was due to the surface Plasmon of formed silver nanoparticles that proved the success of the reaction (Khalifa et al, 2016)
Summary
Egypt had begun packaging food, as the ancient Egyptians had packed all their daily needs with their mummies and had produced paper from the papyrus plant to pack food such as vegetables and spices (Gupta et al, 2017). New, cheap, eco-friendly and non-toxic bionanocomposite films were made for the first time from edible marine sulfated polysaccharides, ulvan which mediated with safe green synthesized silver nanoparticles These films exhibit good physical and chemical properties and have antioxidants and antimicrobials activities against many gram positive and gram negative bacteria that cause deterioration of packaged food. Bio-polymer nanocomposite films should be used in active food packaging to increase the shelf life of packaged foods, food safety and food quality without harm, as it will be a good challenge to overcome environmental risk that was caused by previous packaging methods
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