Abstract
BackgroundRelatively few laboratory markers have been evaluated for the detection or monitoring of intestinal inflammation in canine chronic enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous research found that the intestinal mucosal levels of S100A12 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as biomarkers of gut inflammation, were elevated in human patients with IBD. To date, the S100A12 and MPO levels in intestinal mucosal samples from either healthy dogs or from dogs suffering from IBD remain unreported. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the mucosal S100A12 and MPO levels in four different parts of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) in 12 healthy laboratory Beagle dogs using the ELISA and spectrophotometric methods, respectively.ResultsBased on histological examinations, the recorded findings for all the samples were considered normal. The mucosal concentration of S100A12 in the ileum was significantly higher than in all other segments of the intestine (p < 0.05). MPO activity was significantly higher in the ileal, jejunal and duodenal than in colonic mucosal samples (p < 0.05). Moreover, its concentration was higher in the jejunum than in the duodenum.ConclusionsThis study showed that S100A12 and MPO are reliably detectable in canine intestinal mucosa. The assays used appeared to be sufficient to further evaluate the role of S100A12 and MPO in the pathogenesis of canine chronic enteropathies, including IBD. These biomarkers may play a role in the initial detection of gut inflammation suggesting the need for further investigations to confirm IBD or to differentiate between IBD subtypes. Understanding the role of S100A12 and MPO in the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation in future may result in an improved understanding of canine chronic intestinal inflammation.
Highlights
Few laboratory markers have been evaluated for the detection or monitoring of intestinal inflammation in canine chronic enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
In the four different parts of the intestine examined in 12 healthy dogs, the highest median levels of S100A12, which were significant, were found in the ileum (71.5 μg/L [38.9–141.9]), followed by the colon (23.2 μg/L [6.7–75.6]), duodenum (11.4 μg/L [6.9–28.5]) and jejunum (8.5 μg/L [5.1–19.3]) (Table 1 and Fig. 1)
Analytical validation of the MPO method and MPO activity in the intestinal mucosa The intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV %) in six different small intestinal mucosa samples assayed in a 1:2 dilution were 0.77, 0.85, 1.80, 1.56, 0.64 and 1.02 %, and were 1.55, 1.84, 1.24, 1.30, 1.03 and 1.03 % in six different large intestinal mucosa samples tested in a 1:2 dilution
Summary
Few laboratory markers have been evaluated for the detection or monitoring of intestinal inflammation in canine chronic enteropathies, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Previous research found that the intestinal mucosal levels of S100A12 and myeloperoxidase (MPO), as biomarkers of gut inflammation, were elevated in human patients with IBD. The S100A12 and MPO levels in intestinal mucosal samples from either healthy dogs or from dogs suffering from IBD remain unreported. This study aimed to evaluate the mucosal S100A12 and MPO levels in four different parts of the intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum and colon) in 12 healthy laboratory Beagle dogs using the ELISA and spectrophotometric methods, respectively. A limited number of laboratory markers for the detection or monitoring of localised (e.g., gastrointestinal) or systemic inflammation exists [1]. Given the various roles of S100A12, it is reasonable to consider this protein’s function in the intestinal mucosa during inflammation
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