Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly malignant tumor occurring in the digestive system. Currently, there is a lack of specific and effective interventions for PC; thus, further exploration regarding the pathogenesis of this malignancy is warranted. The S100 protein family, a collection of calcium-binding proteins expressed only in vertebrates, comprises 25 members with high sequence and structural similarity. Dysregulated expression of S100 proteins is a biomarker of cancer progression and prognosis. Functionally, these proteins are associated with the regulation of multiple cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, growth, differentiation, enzyme activation, migration/invasion, Ca2+ homeostasis, and energy metabolism. This review highlights the significance of the S100 family in the diagnosis and prognosis of PC and its vital functions in tumor cell metastasis, invasion and proliferation. A further understanding of S100 proteins will provide potential therapeutic targets for preventing or treating PC.
Highlights
Members of the S100 protein family were first discovered in the brains of certain species by Moore in 1965 [1]
We critically study the role of the S100 protein family in Pancreatic cancer (PC) diagnosis or treatment and the contribution of S100 signaling to the biology of PC-related cells, providing a relatively comprehensive reference for the S100 protein family as a target for prevention or treatment of PC
S100A14 is overexpressed in human Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines and tissues, and its expression level is positively correlated with advanced cancer stages and negatively correlated with the survival time of PDAC patients [97, 98]
Summary
Members of the S100 protein family were first discovered in the brains of certain species by Moore in 1965 [1]. High S100A4 expression is a sign of pancreatic tumor malignancy and a potential marker of PC metastasis and poor prognosis. S100A14 is overexpressed in human PDAC cell lines and tissues, and its expression level is positively correlated with advanced cancer stages and negatively correlated with the survival time of PDAC patients [97, 98].
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