Abstract
Ruthenium crossover in alternative membranes with low water/methanol permeability was investigated using carbon monoxide stripping voltammetry. Voltammograms indicate that ruthenium crossover occurs in such membranes to a similar degree as in the Nafion®. We found substantial ruthenium crossover took place at an initial stage of direct-methanol fuel cell (DMFC) operation. In this paper, we demonstrate a pre- treatment method for the Pt-Ru anode designed to substantially reduce ruthenium crossover and its effect on long-term DMFC performance. Measured shifts in stripping peak potentials for the Pt-Ru anode and Pt cathode indicate that ruthenium crossover continues to take place over the life test duration, but without any significant impact on cathode performance. This leads to a conclusion that the crossover phenomenon is likely to involve at least two different Ru species. Those that are most detrimental to DMFC performance can be removed from the anode via the pre-treatment proposed in this study.
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