Russian Philosophers on the Concept of a Scientific Worldview

Abstract

The article shows the controversiality of the concept of “scientific worldview.” It indicates its connection with the ideology of Marxism, which claimed to reflect the objective laws of social development. The idea is made that within the framework of this approach, the understanding of the worldview as a source of personal meanings gives way to its vision as a combination of principles of socially significant activity. This approach is opposed to the position of Russian philosophers who criticized the concept of a scientific worldview and pointed out that the source of personal meanings that make up the content of the worldview is the life experience of the subject, understood as irrational introduction to being. To express such an introduction to being, the concepts of “world sense” and “world consciousness” used by Berdyaev can be used. Conceptual, scientific worldview means the attitude to reality as something external, otherworldly, i. e. is the position of substance. Science, according to Berdyaev, is knowledge of necessity through adaptation to world given and knowledge of necessity. To fill the meaning of the inner life of a person, a specific being of a person plays a decisive role, which acts as a form of rooting in being as such. In other words, a person acquires the main meanings of his existence not on the basis of a worldview, the content of which is a generalized image of the outside world, they are acquired from his own experience of spiritual growth, which constitutes the essential basis of life.