Abstract
Rural development in China since 1949 has been based on land reforms, collectivization of agricultural production, mechanization of agriculture, and improved terms of trade in favour of the countryside. The land reforms redistributed wealth and income from the rich to the poor, eliminated the former ruling classes, and raised both peasant consumption and rural savings. Collectivization raised rural output through better utilization of labour. The mechanization of agriculture further boosted output by raising labour productivity. Finally, rural development was promoted by the lowering of prices paid by peasants and raising those received by them.
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