Runner Control System of Kaplan Turbine

Abstract

The paper analyzes the existing control systems for hydraulic turbines and provides frequency control schemes from leading hydroturbine equipment manufacturers. The design features of the construction of circuits with discrete and discrete-analog control methods with an embedded computer system for controlling the speed of a hydraulic turbine, which guarantees trouble-free operation in case of load deviations and power failures, are considered. A fully automatic method for controlling a hydraulic unit is proposed, in which the computer system independently controls the turbine based on the parameters of the operation of the hydraulic unit recorded by devices by the computer control program. The analysis of the operation of the schemes is carried out, taking into account the specifics of the functioning of the control system. A nonlinear mathematical model of the hydromechanical part of the regulator is considered to assess the quality indicators of transient processes occurring during a hydraulic turbine’s start-up, shutdown, and reverse operation modes. Using this mathematical model and control algorithms improves the positioning accuracy and reliability of hydropneumatic systems with the possible simplification of circuit solutions is an effective solution to control problems. A gradual study of the dynamics of the runner hydraulic drive was carried out. The obtained results prove that using a positional hydropneumatic drive to build a system for controlling the speed of a hydraulic turbine with discrete and discrete-analog control makes it possible to synthesize a hydropneumatic drive with high positioning accuracy.