Ruminal fermentation patterns and parameters of the acid base metabolism in the urine as influenced by the proportion of concentrate in the ration of dairy cows with and without Fusarium toxin-contaminated triticale

Abstract

Feeding a total mixed ration with 50% concentrate and a mean deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration of 5.3 mg/kg DM to 13 German Holstein cows in early lactation (Myco group) resulted in alterations in the ruminal fermentation patterns (lower molar percentage of acetate and isobutyrate, higher molar percentage of valerate) compared to the 14 control cows (Period 1, 11 weeks). In the Myco group, significantly lower ruminal pH value occurred in weeks 4 and 8 and lower minimum pH values critical for developing subacute ruminal acidosis were detected. Accordingly, the net acid base excretion in the urine and the base-to-acid ratio were lower (significant in week 8 only). These effects probably resulted from a higher dry matter intake and are not related to the presence of Fusarium toxin. In Period 2, the same 27 cows plus five additional cows were divided into four groups over 18 weeks. The effects of an elevated concentrate proportion of 60% were tested with and without Fusarium toxin (Control-60, 0.4 mg DON/kg DM and Myco-60, 4.6 mg DON/kg DM) and compared to two groups fed 30% concentrate (Control-30, 0.6 mg DON/kg DM and Myco-30, 4.4 mg DON/kg DM). As expected, a high concentrate proportion significantly affected the ruminal fermentation patterns. Net acid base excretion and base-to-acid ratio did not reveal a distinct concentrate effect and the ruminal pH values were on a high level in all groups when ruminal fluids were taken after 3–5 hours of feed restriction (median between 6.8 and 7.2). Additional effects were observed on the profile of short chain fatty acids in the presence of Fusarium toxin at both concentrate levels. This indicates a switch in the microbial community due to direct mycotoxin effects and/or indirect effects of the Fusarium infection related alterations in the physico-chemical properties of the infected cereal on ruminal microbes.