Résistance des Paramyxoviridae aux interférons de type I: mécanismes d'échappement et interactions virus-hôte.

Abstract

Host immunity against viruses integrates both innate and adaptive responses. Innate immunity represents the first line of defense triggered by viral infections whereas adaptive immunity allows for the establishment of long-term memory. Initially described for their antiviral activity, type I interferons are also involved in the induction of all immune responses. Since these cytokines are crucial for the establishment of an efficient antiviral response, viruses have developped mechanisms to block their expression and signals. The family of Paramyxoviridae presents a wonderful example of how viruses escape the antiviral response. Evasion strategies mainly involve the non structural proteins encoded by the gene of the phosphoprotein (P). These virulence factors can simultaneously or sequentially interact with cellular proteins through multiple interfaces and sophisticated mechanisms. This review describes the different mechanisms developped by paramyxoviruses to hijack the type I IFN response and molecular details, in particular protein-protein interactions, will be highlighted.