Abstract
Laser has been widely used in many aspects, by now it is difficult to get each frequency that we want, and frequency conversion is an effective way to obtain different frequency laser through a nonlinear optical crystal. MgO-doped LiNbO3 (Mg:LN) crystal has usually been used for second harmonic generation (SHG) through temperature-matching configuration with a stove, till now a room temperature 90° phase-matching is still lacking. Here we find that the SHG of Nd:YAG laser is achieved at 26.1 °C while the optical damage resistance is higher than 6.5 MW/cm2 in the ZrO2 and MgO co-doped LiNbO3 (Zr,Mg:LN) crystal. Moreover, the monotonic decrease of phase-matching temperature is firstly found with the increase of doping concentration. These unusual properties may be attributed to the formation of {{bf{Mg}}}_{{bf{Li}}}^{{boldsymbol{+}}} + {{bf{Zr}}}_{{bf{Nb}}}^{{boldsymbol{-}}} defect pairs. Our work suggests that Zr,Mg:LN crystal may be an attractive candidate for nonlinear optical applications.
Highlights
Miniature, compact and high-power all-solid-state blue-green lasers are widely applied in ocean exploration, medical treatment, optical communication and laser display, etc[1,2,3,4]
No sign of phase matching in ZrO2-doped LiNbO3 (Zr):LN crystals was found when they were heated from room temperature to above 200 °C in our pre-experiments, which implies that the phase-matching temperature of Zr:LN crystals may be lower than room temperature
The TPM versus the doping concentration of MgO for MgO-doped LiNbO3 (Mg):LN crystals is presented in Fig. 1(b), and the data are referenced from the previous literature[19]
Summary
Compact and high-power all-solid-state blue-green lasers are widely applied in ocean exploration, medical treatment, optical communication and laser display, etc[1,2,3,4]. It is possible that phase matching achieves at room temperature (about 25 °C) with a high enough doping concentration of MgO, but such heavily doped Mg:LN crystal is hard to grow with high optical quality[20]. Later, several ions such as Zn2+, In3+, Sc3+, and Hf4+ were reported to have the same resistance against optical damage when doped into LiNbO3, but just like Mg:LN, the efficient noncritical phase matching at room temperature is still a problem[19,21,22,23]. The efficient 90° phase-matching is achieved in Zr,Mg:LN crystal at room temperature without a stove, it has a very high optical damage resistance
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