Role Skill Development Revolving Fund In Optimizing The Competitiveness of Vocational School Graduates Through Developmentvocational Carrier and Professional Competence

The purpose of this study was to determine of the competitiveness of vocational high school graduates towards learning outcome in Central Lombok Regency. This study uses a quantitative research approach with a research model that has been implemented by Bikse. The method used in this study is a survey. The population in this study were graduates from four Vocational Schools in Central Lombok Regency consisting of 2 State Vocational Schools namely: Vocational High School 1 of Praya Barat and Vocational High School 1 of Central Praya and 2 private Vocational Schools namely Tastura AZ-zikro Mangkung Vocational School and Al-Makrif Islamic Vocational School totaling 430 person. The study sample was 207 as obtained by using the proportional stratifaid random sampling technique. The instrument used in this study was adapted from a questionnaire developed by Bikse. Data analysis techniques in this study used inferential statistics. The results showed that vocational school graduates in Central Lombok Regency had competitiveness and competitiveness of Vocational High School graduates in Central Lombok Regency had been quite good even though the expectations of graduates were greater than the reality faced today:Key Words: Competitiveness; vocational high school graduates

This study examines senior high school and vocational high school graduates' job search outcomes in Banten and West Java, Indonesia, high-unemployment regions. It examines how financial hardships, self-efficacy, and social support affect job search behaviors and outcomes. Survey research uses questionnaires to collect data. A cross-sectional time horizon is used to capture job search behavior in a non-contrived setting. Data from 512 female participants was analyzed to determine how variables affected job search outcomes. Data suggests that vocational high school graduates have stronger relationships between self-efficacy, job search behaviors, and outcomes than general high school graduates. It's important to tailor job search support and interventions to different educational backgrounds. This study sheds light on how financial hardship, self-efficacy, and social support affect job search behaviour and outcomes for Indonesian general and vocational high school graduates. For vocational graduates, self-efficacy indirectly affects job search outcomes through job search behaviors more than for general graduates. Vocational graduates are more affected by job search behaviors than general high school graduates. These findings demonstrate the differences in job search dynamics between educational backgrounds and suggest ways to tailor career support interventions to Indonesia's demographic bonus and Golden Indonesia 2045 vision.

This research aims to describe the student interest in learning programming at two different educational background, vocational high school and non-vocational high school graduates . The sample are all students of the Education of Information and Communication Technology Study Program in Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo ( UMSIDA ) academic year 2014/2015 up to 2016/2017 which involved 41 people. The data are collected by distributing questionnaires to the respondents. The collected data are analyzed by using descriptive statistical techniques with the norm percentage. The results showed that (1) the learning interest of vocational high school graduates has an average percentage of 73.04% with medium/ enough category; and (2) the learning interest of non - vocational high school graduates has an average of 74.34% with medium/ enough category. There are four results i f it is observed from each dimension shaping the learning interest of students graduated from vocational high school, namely: (1) the dimensions of interest has a mean of 75.57% with medium category; (2) the dimensions of attention by 73.58%; (3) the dimensions of consciousness by 73.86%; and (4) the dimensions of the curiosity of 68.41%. While the average in each dimension obtained from non - vocational high school graduate are (1) the dimensions of interest of 76.53%; (2) the dimensions of attention by 78.62%; (3) the dimensions of awareness by 75%; and (4) the dimensions of the curiosity of 66.84%.

General versus Vocational High Schools and Labor Market Outcomes in Turkey

This research addresses the significant issue of unemployment among vocational school graduates in Indonesia and the low level of entrepreneurship among them. While previous studies have predominantly focused on the entrepreneurial intentions of high school and university student samples, there isthere needs to be more understanding of the entrepreneurial intentions of vocational school graduates. Bridging the gap, this study explores the determinants of entrepreneurial intentions among vocational school graduates, particularly examining the roles of entrepreneurial knowledge and attitude toward entrepreneurship. Additionally, this research explores attitude toward entrepreneurship as a mediating variable. The study employs a survey method with data from 305 vocational school graduates in Indonesia as participants. D ta analysis uses partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) with SmartPLS 4.0 software. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial Knowledge has a significant positive relationship with attitude toward entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, this research finds that attitude toward entrepreneurship exhibits a complementary partial mediation effect between entrepreneurial Knowledge and entrepreneurial intention. The study also suggests that interest in entrepreneurship and professional experience can enhance the entrepreneurial intentions of vocational high school graduates. These insights offer valuable guidance for policymakers and educators in designing strategies to promote entrepreneurship among vocational school graduates, ultimately addressing unemployment challenges in Indonesia.

This study examines the factors that affect vocational high school graduates" career choices and job achievements using data from the Korea Education and Employment Panel. Results show that, first, reasons for entering vocational high school affect vocational high school graduates" decision to attend junior college instead of getting a job, and high school achievements, household income, and parents" education levels affect high school graduates" attending four-year colleges instead of getting a job. Compared to those who enter vocational high school because they want to get a job or because they like vocational high school, those who enter vocational high school because their middle school grades are low or because they plan to enter college are more likely to enter college than they are likely to get a job. The higher one"s high school grades, household income, and parents" education levels, the higher the probability of going to a four-year college instead of getting a job. Second, wage levels of college graduates are higher than those of vocational high school graduates, but major matching of college graduates is lower and skill matching of a four-year college graduates is lower than that of vocational high school graduates. There are no differences between workplace satisfaction, probability of self-improvement, and education matching of four-year college graduates and those of vocational high school graduates. These results imply that, on one hand, college graduates earn higher wages, the most important objective for individual employees, but on the other hand, they show neither higher subjective job achievements nor higher job achievements on a social dimension than do vocational high school graduates.

The essence and types of workplace adaptation as a choice of professional activities performed by vocational high school graduates are more closely related to the school learning system and employability skills. Researchers conducted a systematic literature review to investigate various sources of information on vocational high school graduates' workplace adaptation. A high degree of initial knowledge and skills, an interest in new organizations and professions, and, in the long run, possessing the appropriate character qualities and psychological qualities impact the effectiveness of workplace adaptation. The success of workplace adaptation is determined by a high level of initial knowledge and skills, an interest in new organizations and jobs, and, in the future, having the necessary character traits and psychological characteristics. Timely assistance from colleagues, supervisors, and managers, as well as the ability to anticipate difficulties and respond to situations promptly. The adaptation of the workplace for vocational high school graduates is strongly intertwined with the implementation of the stages and roles of student vocational career guidance. The authors focus on the creation of a framework that vocational high school graduates can use to prepare them for the workplace, beginning with the preparation, search, evaluation, negotiation, and ending with starting and improving jobs as a source of income. This framework is strengthened by increasing skills, specifically soft skills as the fundamental skills required by job seekers.

The dissertation with the title of Infrastructure in Improving the Quality of Vocational High School Graduates focuses on case studies conducted by Vocational School in an effort to improve the quality of Vocational High School graduates. So far the management of facilities and learning infrastructure that standardized Laboratory of Honda motorcycle business techniques with disadvantages is less running to the maximum that causes the absorption of graduates to the Dudi still low. While the demands of real needs are increasing competitiveness through the quality of graduates who are ready to work, where the output and outcome graduates are priority. The general purpose of this study is to determine and analyze the Management of Facilities and Infrastructure in Improving the Quality of Vocational High School Graduates. The specific objectives to be achieved at the end of this research are: (1). Knowing and explaining the facilities and infrastructure management program in improving the quality of Vocational High School graduates; (2). Implementation of facilities and infrastructure management in improving the quality of Vocational High School graduates; (3). Problems faced in implementing the management of facilities and infrastructure in improving the quality of Vocational High School graduates; (4). Future demands related to the management of facilities and infrastructure in improving the quality of Vocational High School graduates; (5). Future improvement steps in the management of facilities and infrastructure in improving the quality of Vocational High School graduates. In order to get a comprehensive picture of this, research was conducted with a case study approach at Vocational High School Lentera Bangsa 1 Karawang, Vocational High School Lentera Bangsa 2 Karawang and Vocational High School Rismatek Karawang with qualitative methods. Based on the interpretation and analysis of the research results, the general conclusion is that the facilities and infrastructure management program has improved the quality of graduates which has an impact on the quality of graduates who are absorbed in the world of work, including: (1). Facilities and infrastructure management program in improving the quality of Vocational High School graduates who have the knowledge, skills and work ethic in accordance with the demands of the job market; (2). Implementation of management of facilities and infrastructure together carry out learning and assessment together in educating, training and providing qualified and work-ready workforce; (3). Problems encountered related to disproportionate number of industries and lack of practical equipment; (4). Future demands related to collective agreements in producing vocational graduates who are ready to work and competitive according to the demands of DUDI; (5). The next improvement step is to open foreign investment as a step to increase DUDI and complete school facilities and infrastructure.

Graduates of Vocational High Schools (SMK) play a crucial role in fulfilling the workforce requirements of the industrial sector. This condition represents a strategic opportunity for SMK to provide students with technical skills and moral fortitude, preparing them to become competent employees. This study seeks to assess the application of Total Quality Management (TQM) in enhancing the quality of graduates, particularly within the Motorcycle Engineering and Business Study Programme at a vocational school in Bandung. The study concentrates on the strategy for implementing Total Quality Management (TQM), the evaluation procedures for TQM, the factors that facilitate or impede TQM implementation, and the ways to address these challenges. This study employs a qualitative methodology utilizing a case study approach, with data gathering conducted via in-depth interviews, direct observation, and pertinent document analysis. The study's findings suggest that the Total Quality Management implementation strategy commences with a comprehensive understanding of the organization's vision and mission, which guide its objectives. This is reinforced by human resource development, the provision of sufficient facilities and infrastructure, the enhancement of a curriculum aligned with industry requirements, the cultivation of positive attitudes, and the establishment of a supportive learning environment. The processes for evaluating TQM involve establishing a collective commitment to enforce discipline, cultivating accountability, and sustaining concentration on attaining primary objectives. Factors that facilitate TQM implementation include skilled human resources, comprehensive facilities, a flexible curriculum, and a conducive learning environment. Concurrently, impediments consist of restricted human resources, inadequate facilities, and a deficiency in comprehensive comprehension of the TQM concept among all stakeholders within the school. The adopted method to address these challenges is to align all organizational components, including leaders, educators, and students, with the school's vision and goal, fostering a robust quality culture within the educational environment. This study concludes that a robust integration of human resources, facilities, curriculum, and an effective learning environment can attain the caliber of vocational high school graduates. Consequently, vocational high school graduates possess standardized abilities that align with the requirements and expectations of the business and industrial sectors (DUDI), rendering them a workforce prepared to participate effectively.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze local wisdom values in each region in Indonesia that can be involved in education at Vocational High Schools, in order to increase the competitiveness of vocational high school graduates as human capital.Methodology – The research method employed in this study is a qualitative descriptive approach, focusing on productive subject teachers in vocational high schools of East Java Province. The collection of research data employed an interview method, utilizing an interview guide instrument, and was conducted through focus group discussions based on the spectrum of vocational expertise. FGD involved three productive subject teachers, the principal, and stakeholders, totaling N = 176. The data analysis in the study employed the interactive model of Miles and Huberman.Findings – Diploma ranks highest as the minimum education standard required by various job vacancies, at 52.8%, followed by Vocational High School at 30%. The requirement for a Bachelor's degree is 8.5%, then High School at 7.5%, and finally, the minimum requirement for postgraduate studies is 1.4%. The less-than-optimal absorption of Vocational High School graduates into the job market, based on existing vacancies, indicates that the industrial world is not yet fully convinced of the value of Vocational High School graduates for several fields of expertise.Contribution – This study contributes to identifying human capital development strategies, summarized based on local wisdom practices, by implementing key features such as developing global skills, described in basic skills, continuous learning and improvement, knowledge creation and sharing, systematic change, fostering a learning culture, encouraging experimentation, and appreciating students.

Vocational High Schools are educational institution aiming to prepare the ready-to-employ graduates by prioritizing their skill and expertise according to their areas of expertise (Azri, Irwan, & Nurul, 2020; Mukhlason, Winanti, & Yundra, 2020). Vocational High School is expected to play an important role in holistic human development and community development Indonesia entirely and reduce the number of early school leaver (Slamet, 2016; Diwangkoro & Soenarto, 2020; Farrugia & Martina, 2021). While the growth of employment in the industrial sector is growing slowly, the graduates of Vocational High Schools are increasing but the rate of joblessness of the Vocational Highs Schools graduates has become a critical issue in Indonesia (Erlinawati, 2020; Wijaya & Utami, 2021; Hanifah & Suharyanto, 2021). As a result, these Vocational High Schools graduates are not accommodated in the industrial sector and they become job seekers or open unemployment (Dewi, 2017; Yunikawati, Prayitno, Purboyo, Istiqomah, & Puspasari, 2018; Azman, Ambiyar, Simatupang, Karudin, & Dakhi, 2020). The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) reported that in August 2021, the majority of unemployed people in Indonesia were dominated to 11.13% or 9.77 million by the graduates from Vocational High Schools (BPS, 2021). Most of the Vocational High Schools graduates intend to work immediately, but are not employed in the industry or business sector. This is due to the increase of Vocational High Schools graduates who are mismatched by job opportunities. Keywords: Dual Certification; Vocational High School; Employability

Industry-Oriented Problem-Based Learning Model (I-ProBL) was developed to address the work readiness of vocational high school graduates that are not fully aligned with industry needs. This study aims to develop and test the effectiveness of the I-ProBL model in improving the skills of vocational high school students. The model used is Research and Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model consisting of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The subjects of the study were 270 students, 6 teachers, 3 industry practitioners, and 2 vocational education experts in three vocational high schools in Yogyakarta. The object of this study is the I-ProBL learning model applied in the vocational high school curriculum. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews, validation questionnaires, and tests. The instruments used included interview grids, model feasibility validation questionnaires, and student practice test instruments. Data analysis was carried out descriptively quantitatively by calculating the average value and percentage of student skill improvement before and after the implementation of the I-ProBL model. The results showed that the I-ProBL model has a high level of suitability with industry needs (4.6, very good category) and relevance to the world of work (4.7, very good category). the implementation of this model increased the average student grades by 20.1% to 21.2% and increased student engagement in learning (85%) and their readiness to face the world of work (90%). The impact of this study shows that I-ProBL can be an effective solution in improving the quality of vocational school graduates and strengthening the relationship between schools and industry. However, for more optimal implementation, it is necessary to improve teacher training, provide more adequate facilities, and support policies that encourage closer collaboration between vocational schools and the industrial world.

The aim of this paper is to analyze the sociodemographic compositions and labor market entry of low‐educated youth in Japan. The paper specifically focuses on whether vocational education provides a safety net for labor market insecurities during an era of educational expansion. While past literature has shown that vocational education contributes to occupationally specific skills and a smooth transition from school to work, less is known about its effectiveness when low‐educated youth become a minority group. The case of Japan provides a unique perspective, given its historically low youth unemployment rate and strong connections between schools and employers, despite its academically oriented high school education system. The 2015 Social Stratification and Social Mobility Survey in Japan is used to evaluate trends in vocational education and their impact on employment. The key variables under examination are entry‐level job outcomes. The results show that, over the past decades, high school graduates in Japan have become a more disadvantaged group than university graduates. Among high school graduates, those from general schools tend to have more advantageous sociodemographic backgrounds than their counterparts from vocational schools. Despite the limitations, vocational high school graduates have been better rewarded in the transition to work throughout recent decades. Furthermore, the labor market premium for vocational school graduates remains stable even after accounting for the influence of school networks. Sensitivity analysis confirms the robustness of these effects. The implications of the findings are discussed within the context of the skill formation regime in Japan.

<span>Student learning outcomes are influenced by the ability of students to understand and the ability of teachers to deliver subject matter. In the delivery of subject matter, appropriate and effective learning models are needed to improve student understanding. This article presents an effective learning model for Creative Products and Entrepreneurship subjects in Vocational School. The aim of this subject is to form students to have the character, skills, and understanding as an entrepreneur, and to be able to bring up quality young entrepreneurs. To achieve the learning goal, learning activities must involve students directly. The experiential learning model emphasizes the role of active student experience and involvement. Through practice-based learning experiences, students feel more confident in handling jobs in real work. Learning through this model is able to facilitate students in learning so that it could improve student learning outcomes. Therefore, experiential learning is one alternative solution in the Creative Products and Entrepreneurship learning process. The research method used is a review literature by analyzing various relevant sources related to the importance of experiential learning and the challenges of its implementation. Creative Products and Entrepreneurship learning in Vocational Schools is implemented in various forms of production and business-based learning which is a real practice. Through experiential learning, it is expected that entrepreneurial learning objectives could be achieved and young entrepreneurs from Vocational Schools could increase significantly. This is in accordance with the concept of work, continuing study, and entrepreneurship for vocational high school graduates. In addition, it also supports the Entrepreneurial School program as an effort of the government to achieve the vocational high school revitalization target, while at the same time reducing the unemployment rate of vocational high school graduates.</span>

E-learning in Indonesia began in mid-nineties with the advent of internet preceded by information technology which was introduced in Indonesia in late 1970s and early19 80s. However, those elearning initiators hit hard by the economic and political crises which hit Indonesia in 1997s until early 21st century. Beginning the year 2000, many schools, especially senior high school, took the initiatives to conduct e-learning in their environments, in spite of the economic crises. Based on data available from the Department of national Education, a survey conducted toward high school Websites. A virtual visit and randomly selected physical visits to high schools situated in Jakarta, Yogyakarta (Central Java), Makassar (South Sulawesi) and Padang(West Sumatera) yielded result that those Websites mainly used for disseminating school profiles including name and address, principals and teaching staffs, facilities, extracurricular works etc, but none specially directed to e-learning materials. The research orientation changed to vocational high school with the assumption that the vocational high school graduates are geared toward working market hence the courses are directed to more practical application and subsequently can improved with e-learning activities. Based on data from National Library of Indonesia and Directorate of Vocational High School, purposive sampling was done. The criteria are (a) the school has conducted e-learning for at least five years; (b) agree to be interviewed; (c) has trained other schools on e-learning development; (d) own a school library (e) appointed by Directorate of Vocational High School as a pilot project (f) accessible economically from Jakarta so it is more convenient to visit. Using snowball method, from interview with Wikrama principal and teachers, yielded data on other vocational schools in many regions. Those vocational high schools are randomly selected, interviewed by volunteer researchers . The results are analysed and showed that e-learning in vocational high school is limited to facilities designed by the school such as commonly found in Intranet, the constraints mainly on physical infrastructure and e-learning spread because of lack of facilities from school library. The development of e-learning activities is separated from school library, a cause resulted from the wrong perception of the school principals. It is suggested that the development of e-learning should synchronised with school library because in the future, even right now, school library will developed into learning resource centres, in which e-learning is covered. However, it needs better understanding among school principals which in Indonesia who will decide the fate of school library, either like it or not.