Abstract

espanolLa complejidad del habitat puede modular interacciones entre depredadores y presas al ofrecer refugio fisico y nuevos micro-habitats para competidores potenciales o presas alternativas. En los lagos someros, las plantas sumergidas y flotantes afectan las interacciones depredador-presa, con diferencias relacionadas a diferencias en la comunidad de peces influenciadas por el clima. Mediante la introduccion de plantas flotantes libres y plantas sumergidas artificiales en un total de 14 lagos someros en dos regimenes climaticos contrastantes (templado y subtropical), analizamos la hipotesis de que la estructura de la comunidad de macroinvertebrados litorales esta principalmente determinada por la presion de depredacion de los peces. Por lo tanto, esperamos encontrar mayores densidades en la zona templada, donde la depredacion por parte de los peces litorales es comparativamente mas debil que en la zona subtropical. Tambien analizamos la hipotesis de que las diferencias en compleji-dad estructural (mayor en las flotantes), asi como en volumen ocupado por plantas (mayor en las sumergidas) promueve diferentes patrones de asociacion en los macroinvertebrados. La riqueza taxonomica, la diversidad y la densidad de los macroinvertebrados litorales fueron varias veces mayores en los lagos templados. Las densidades de macroinvertebrados (por unidad de masa de las plantas) fueron en general mayores en las plantas flotantes libres. La estructura de los macroinvertebrados litorales no mostro una relacion clara con el gradiente de estado trofico estudiado. Los peces, cuya biomasa, densidad y uso del habitat difirieron de forma consistente entre ambas zonas, determinaron la estructura de los macroinvertebrados probablemente via depredacion y en la zona subtropical poten-cialmente tambien por competencia. Las plantas flotantes libres parecieron actuar como un refugio mas efectivo o habitat preferido particularmente en la zona subtropical, pero con el aumento de la turbidez del agua el patron se hizo menos evidente. En los lagos templados, el uso del habitat estuvo mas vinculado a la biomasa de perifiton, sugiriendo la ocurrencia de contro-les ascendentes. Una mayor presion de consumo por los peces (esperada con el calentamiento climatico y un aumento de la eutrofizacion), puede reducir la riqueza y abundancia de los macroinvertebrados litorales con impactos potencialmente fuertes sobre el funcionamiento de los lagos someros. Una expansion de las plantas flotantes libres promovida por el calentamiento climatico, podria, si fuera moderada, debilitar estos efectos. Sin embargo, una comunidad diversa de macrofitas seguramente promoveria la coexistencia entre macroinvertebrados y peces EnglishWe dedicate this paper to the late Maria Rosa Miracle, who was a key researcher in the shallow lakes community, always enthu-siastically dedicated to science, and always ready to discuss and guide younger scientists and fellow colleagues on the dynamics of zooplankton as well as on shallow lakes functioning at large. She will be sadly missed.Plant habitat complexity can buffer against predator-prey interactions by offering physical refuges, and also novel microhabi-tats for alternative prey. In shallow lakes, submerged and free-floating plants affect predator-prey interactions with expected differences related to climate-driven differences in fish community structure. We tested the overall hypothesis that fish preda-tion shapes the structure of plant-associated macroinvertebrate communities. By introducing artificial free-floating and submerged plants in a total of 14 shallow lakes under contrasting climate regimes (temperate and subtropical), we predicted that higher densities of macroinvertebrates would occur in the temperate zone where littoral fish predation is comparatively weaker than in the subtropics. We also tested the hypothesis that different structural complexities and % PVI would lead to different association patterns. Taxonomic richness, diversity, and densities of plant-attached macroinvertebrates were several fold higher in the temperate lakes. Macroinvertebrate densities per unit of plant weight were generally higher on the more complex free-floating than on the more abundant (as % PVI) submerged plants. The structure of littoral macroinvertebrates showed no clear relationship with the trophic state gradient. Fish communities, whose structure (biomass, density and habitat use) differed consistently between the temperate and subtropical locations, seemingly shaped the macroinvertebrate communities, most likely via predation and in the subtropics potentially also by competition. Free-floating plants appeared as a better anti-preda-tion refuge or a preferred habitat for macroinvertebrates, particularly in the subtropics, but with increasing water turbidity this pattern became less distinct. In contrast, in the temperate lakes, the use of artificial plants by macroinvertebrates was rather related to the biomass of periphyton than to their refuge capacity, thus suggesting stronger bottom-up effects. A stronger fish predation pressure, which is to be expected with climate warming and eutrophication, may reduce the richness and abundance of plant-associated macroinvertebrates, with potentially strong impacts on shallow lake functioning. A warming-driven expan-sion of free-floating plants could, if moderate, weaken such effects, but a more diverse macrophyte community would facilitate co-existence of macroinvertebrate and fish.

Full Text
Paper version not known

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call

Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.