Abstract
BackgroundCrude Spondias pinnata bark extract was previously assessed for its antioxidant, anticancer and iron chelating potentials. The isolated compounds gallic acid (GA) and methyl gallate (MG) were evaluated for their curative potential against iron overload-induced liver fibrosis and hepatocellular damage.MethodsIn vitro iron chelation property and in vivo ameliorating potential from iron overload induced liver toxicity of GA and MG was assessed by different biochemical assays and histopathological studies.ResultsMG and GA demonstrated excellent reducing power activities but iron chelation potential of MG is better than GA. Oral MG treatment in mice displayed excellent efficacy (better than GA) to significantly restore the levels of liver antioxidants, serum markers and cellular reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent fashion. Apart from these, MG exceptionally prevented lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation whereas GA demonstrated better activity to reduce collagen content, thereby strengthening its position as an efficient drug against hepatic damage/fibrosis, which was further supported by histopathological studies. Alongside, MG efficiently eliminated the cause of liver damage, i.e., excess iron, by chelating free iron and reducing the ferritin-bound iron.ConclusionsThe present study confirmed the curative effect of GA and MG against iron overload hepatic damage via their potent antioxidant and iron-chelating potential.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40360-016-0077-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
Crude Spondias pinnata bark extract was previously assessed for its antioxidant, anticancer and iron chelating potentials
The structure of SPE3, SPE4 (Fig. 2) was determined as Gallic acid (GA), and Methly gallate (MG) using different spectroscopic experimental data shown in Additional file 1
In vivo studies Serum ferritin and liver iron levels Increase in hepatic iron content and serum ferritin levels were observed in the iron-overloaded mice compared with the normal mouse group
Summary
Crude Spondias pinnata bark extract was previously assessed for its antioxidant, anticancer and iron chelating potentials. F.) Kurz (Fam. Anacardiaceae) extract was previously studied for its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and iron chelating potential, which demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds [7, 8]. Anacardiaceae) extract was previously studied for its in vitro and in vivo antioxidant and iron chelating potential, which demonstrated the presence of significant amounts of phenolic and flavonoid compounds [7, 8] These previous studies prompted us to isolate phenolic compounds from Spondias pinnata bark and evaluate their ameliorating effect on iron overload-induced hepatotoxicity and hepatic fibrosis in mice
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