Role of parental acceptance and rejection on suicidal ideation among young adults

Impulsivity is associated with suicidal acts and ideation, whereas higher religious commitment has been identified as a potential protective factor linked to lower suicidal ideation. We examined the extent to which higher religious commitment is associated with lower suicidal ideation and whether religious commitment modifies the relationship between impulsivity and suicidal ideation. Adolescent and young adult males, with a prior history of suicidal act and ideations, completed standardized questionnaires [i.e., Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS), Barratt Impulsivity Scale-II (BIS-II), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), and Religious Commitment Inventory-10 (RCI-10)], to assess impulsivity, suicidal ideation, distress, and religious commitment. Regression and mediation analyses were performed to investigate the relationships among impulsivity, religious commitment, and suicidal ideation. Of the 747 study participants (mean age 18.8 years, SD = 4.1), 151 (20.2%) had a history of suicidal acts and 177 (23.7%) had a history of suicidal ideation. Non-planning impulsivity (predictor) was inversely associated with religious commitment (r = -0.33, p < 0.01), and religious commitment (mediator) was inversely related to suicidal ideation (outcome) (r = -0.32, p < 0.01). These findings remained statistically significant when controlling for either religious commitment or non-planning impulsivity, as appropriate. Higher religious commitment reduced the association between non-planning impulsivity and suicidal ideation (p < 0.01). The findings highlight the potential for cultivating spirituality to buffer against higher suicidal ideation, and thus could be considered as an additional therapeutic strategy for individuals with higher levels of impulsivity and co-morbid suicidal ideation.

Suicide is a major public health concern accounting for 800 000 deaths globally each year. Although there have been many advances in understanding suicide risk in recent decades, our ability to predict suicide is no better now than it was 50 years ago. There are many potential explanations for this lack of progress, but the absence, until recently, of comprehensive theoretical models that predict the emergence of suicidal ideation distinct from the transition between suicidal ideation and suicide attempts/suicide is key to this lack of progress. The current article presents the integrated motivational–volitional (IMV) model of suicidal behaviour, one such theoretical model. We propose that defeat and entrapment drive the emergence of suicidal ideation and that a group of factors, entitled volitional moderators (VMs), govern the transition from suicidal ideation to suicidal behaviour. According to the IMV model, VMs include access to the means of suicide, exposure to suicidal behaviour, capability for suicide (fearlessness about death and increased physical pain tolerance), planning, impulsivity, mental imagery and past suicidal behaviour. In this article, we describe the theoretical origins of the IMV model, the key premises underpinning the model, empirical tests of the model and future research directions.

Several pieces of evidence show that signaling via brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor, tropomycin receptor kinase B (TrkB), as well as inflammation, play a crucial part in the pathophysiology of depression. The purpose of our study was to evaluate plasma levels of BDNF-TrkB signaling, which are inflammatory factors in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, and assess their associations with clinical performance. This study recruited a total sample of 83 MDD patients and 93 healthy controls (CON). All the participants were tested with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation, and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory. The plasma level of selected BDNF-TrkB signaling components (mature BDNF (mBDNF), precursor BDNF (proBDNF), tyrosine kinase B (TrkB), and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)) and selected inflammatory factors (interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Further, we performed correlation analysis to indicate the relationship between the plasma levels of the factors and clinical characteristics. Results: (i) A higher level of mBDNF and lower openness were observed in MDD patients with higher suicidal ideation than patients with lower suicidal ideation. (ii) In MDD patients, mBDNF was positively correlated with the sum score of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS). (iii) The levels of mBDNF, tPA, IL-1 β and IL-6 were significantly higher in all MDD subjects compared to the healthy controls, while the levels of TrkB and proBDNF were lower in MDD subjects. Conclusion: Our study provides novel insights regarding the potential role of mBDNF in the neurobiology of the association between depression and suicidal ideation and, in particular, the relationship between BDNF-TrkB signaling, inflammatory factors, and clinical characteristics in MDD.

Background: Suicide remains a pressing public health concern across the lifespan. While younger adults frequently become the focus of prevention efforts, older adults — particularly in culturally conservative contexts like Kermanshah, Iran — face underexplored risks and protective dynamics related to suicidal ideation. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the prevalence and nature of suicidal ideation, as well as the strength of protective beliefs [reasons for living (RFL)] between young (18 - 25 years) and elderly (≥ 60 years) individuals in Kermanshah. The goal was to explore how age and cultural factors shape psychological vulnerability and resilience. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of elderly individuals (aged 60 and above) and young adults (aged 18 to 25) residing in Kermanshah province, Iran. A total of 124 participants completed the Persian versions of the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSSI) and the RFL Inventory. Independent t-tests and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to assess differences in suicidal ideation and RFL subscale scores between age groups. Effect sizes were also calculated. Results: Mild levels of suicidal ideation were reported by 65% of youth, and 59% of elderly participants showed mild suicidal ideation (BSSI ≥ 1), though only 6% had severe scores (BSSI ≥ 15). However, older adults scored significantly higher on RFL subscales related to moral objections, family responsibility, and concern for children (P &lt; 0.01), suggesting culturally embedded protective factors. Effect sizes ranged from small to moderate (Cohen’s d = 0.28 - 0.46). Conclusions: Although suicidal ideation levels were comparable across age groups, older adults demonstrated stronger culturally-informed protective beliefs. These findings underscore the need for suicide prevention strategies that are culturally sensitive and age-specific, incorporating family and moral frameworks, especially in non-Western settings.

Objectives Suicide is the fourth leading cause of death for individuals aged 15–29 years, and early intervention on suicidal ideation and risk factors should be priortized. Brief mindfulness meditation (BMM) is convenient and cost-effective in improving physical and mental well-being, but less is known about its efficacy for suicidal ideation, stress and sleep quality. We investigated the effects of BMM on suicidal ideation, stress, and sleep quality for individuals with suicide risk. Methods Sixty-four college students with high suicidal ideation (aged 18–30 years) were randomly allocated to either a BMM (n = 32) or control group (n = 32). The BMM was based on Anapanasati and core mindfulness concepts. Sixty participants completed all scheduled sessions including pretest, one month of intervention or waiting, and posttest. Suicidal ideation was measured with the Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation. Stress was evaluated using the Perceived Stress Scale and salivary cortisol levels. Sleep was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy accompanied with 7-day sleep diaries. Results Post-intervention, the BMM group showed significant decrease in suicidal ideation with a large effect size; the decrease showed a medium effect size in the control group. The BMM group, but not the control group, showed significant decrease in morning salivary cortisol and sleep latency, and improved sleep efficiency. Conclusions BMM could help reduce suicidal ideation, stress, and sleep disturbance for individuals with high suicidal ideation and it may implicate effective suicide prevention strategy.

Prior research has demonstrated that discrimination is associated with suicidal ideation among bi + individuals, but little is known about resilience factors (both general and bi + specific) that may buffer these associations. This prospective study examined the main and interactive effects of antibisexual discrimination and resilience factors, including general resilience and positive bi + identity factors (community, authenticity, and intimacy), in predicting suicidal ideation at 1- and 2-month follow-up. Participants were bi + young adults (N = 396; ages 18-29; 42.7% cisgender men, 42.2% cisgender women, 15.2% transgender/gender diverse individuals; 37.9% racial and ethnic minority individuals) who completed measures of antibisexual discrimination (Brief Antibisexual Experiences Scale), positive bi + identity (Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Positive Identity Measure), general resilience (Brief Resilience Scale), and suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation) at baseline, and suicidal ideation again at 1- and 2-month follow-up. Greater antibisexual discrimination was significantly associated with increases in suicidal ideation at 1-month follow-up at low levels of community, authenticity, and intimacy, and increases in suicidal ideation at 2-month follow-up at low levels of authenticity. In addition, at high levels of authenticity, greater antibisexual discrimination was significantly associated with decreases in suicidal ideation at 1-month follow-up. In contrast, general resilience did not moderate the associations between antibisexual discrimination and suicidal ideation at 1- or 2-month follow-up. Results suggest that promoting positive aspects of bi + identity (community, authenticity, and intimacy), but not general resilience, may help attenuate the effects of antibisexual discrimination on suicidal ideation over time. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

The Acceptability of Suicide Among Rural Residents, Urban Residents, and College Students from Three Locations in China

Dysfunction of default mode network is associated with active suicidal ideation in youths and young adults with depression: Findings from the T-RAD study

The COVID-19 pandemic led to psychological impacts for young adults worldwide. Young adults with chronic medical conditions (YACCs) generally experience a higher risk of psychological impairment. This study examined the differences regarding the impact of the pandemic on YACCs compared with healthy peers and aimed to identify risk and buffering factors. A longitudinal survey with n = 272 (51% female) young adults was conducted at three time-points during the COVID-19 pandemic. Symptoms of depression and anxiety, positive mental health, life satisfaction, loneliness, and suicidal ideation were assessed, together with sociodemographic variables. The factors contributing to resilient mental health trajectories during the pandemic were examined. A chronic medical condition was reported by 36.8% (n = 100) of the participants. Female YACCs, but not male YACCs, experienced significantly more symptoms of anxiety and clinically relevant symptoms of depression more often, and both female and male YACCs reported a significantly lower life satisfaction compared with healthy peers. The corresponding effect sizes were small. YACCs had somewhat higher odds (OR = 1.69) of non-resilient trajectories during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with healthy young adults, although the prediction model explained little variance. The same was true for female compared with male young adults (OR = 1.86). YACCs and female young adults appear to be at higher risk for psychological impairment during pandemic situations. The early detection of those with psychological problems is recommended. Further research is needed to examine the disease-specific influences on resilient trajectories and their interaction with gender and other potentially relevant risk and protective factors.

Background and Objectives: Many patients with COVID-19 show long-term physical and mental symptoms. This study aims to determine the prevalence of suicidal ideation in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized in a hospital in Qazvin, Iran. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study population consists of all patients with COVID-19 admitted to Bou Ali Sina Hospital in Qazvin city. A two-part questionnaire was used to collect data; the first part surveys demographic characteristics, history of death due to COVID-19 in relatives, history of underlying disease, days of hospitalization, history of intubation, and history of hospitalization in intensive care units. The second part was the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software, version 23 using ANOVA and logistic regression analysis. Results: Participants were 206 patients with COVID-19. The data showed that 12.8% of patients had high suicidal ideation. Younger patients were at a high risk of suicide (Mean age: 31.96±12.59 years) (P&lt;0.001). In addition, patients who were single (P&lt;0.001) and had a history of death due to COVID-19 in relatives or friends had higher suicidal ideation (P=0.005). Conclusion: About 12.8% of patients with Covid-19 admitted to the study hospital had a high suicidal ideation. There is no considerable difference between the prevalence of suicidal ideation reported in this study and the data reported for the general population of Iran before the pandemic.

Mental health stigma remains a significant barrier to seeking psychological support, particularly among young adults. This study examines the influence of stigma on mental health outcomes and suicidal ideation among young adults in Zimbabwe. A cross-sectional survey of 500 participants, aged 18–35, revealed that 68% reported moderate to severe levels of stigma using the Stigma Scale for Mental Illness (SSMI). Suicidal ideation, measured by the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (BSS), was present in 35% of participants, with a higher prevalence among those in rural areas (42%) compared to urban areas (28%). In-depth interviews with 30 participants highlighted that cultural norms associating mental illness with weakness and shame discourage help-seeking behaviour, while fear of social ostracism exacerbates feelings of hopelessness and alienation. Quantitative analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between perceived stigma (r = 0.62, p &lt; 0.01) and internalized stigma (r = 0.58, p &lt; 0.01) with suicidal ideation. Structural challenges, such as a 30% shortage of mental health professionals and limited access to culturally sensitive interventions, further compound these issues. The study concludes that addressing stigma through public education campaigns, policy reforms, and community-based interventions is essential for improving mental health outcomes and reducing suicide risks among Zimbabwean youth.

The study aimed to investigate the relationship of childhood adverse experience, self-compassion and suicidal ideation among young adults in Bangladesh. A cross sectional study was conducted on 120 young adults from two public universities in Dhaka city. Among them, 61 were male and 59 were female. Participants were selected by convenient sampling technique and data were collected by using Adapted Bangla Version of Comprehensive Child Maltreatment Scale (CCMS) for Adults (Ferdous, Roy, &amp; Islam, 2020), Bangla Beck Scale for Suicidal Ideation (BSS) (Uddin et al., 2013), and Adapted Bangla Version of Self-Compassion Scale (Habib &amp; Naher, 2020). The obtained data were analyzed by using descriptive statistics, t-test and correlation. The findings reveal that all forms of childhood maltreatment: psychological maltreatment, physical abuse, witnessing family violence, neglect, and sexual abuse were significantly negatively correlated with self-compassion. Correlation for total maltreatment score and SCS was also significant (r = -.499, p &lt; .01). Findings also reveal that each of the five subscales were significantly positively correlated with suicidal ideation. Moreover, there were significant positive inter-correlations among the five subscales of CCMS. The findings also reveal that there are significance gender differences of all forms of childhood maltreatment, self-compassion and suicidal ideation among young adults. The results were interpreted based on prior research. Findings of the research may help gaining insight about the harmful impact of maltreatment to develop appropriate preventive and intervention strategies.

P.2.b.023 Psychosocial factors and their relationships with suicidal ideation in middle-aged unemployed people

Childhood abuse is a significant risk factor for suicidal ideation. However, the underlying mediation mechanism necessitates further exploration. This study investigated the mediating role of core self-evaluation and negative emotions in the relationship between childhood abuse and suicide ideation in young adults. A sample of 3103 college students from 11 universities across 8 provinces in China was analyzed. Childhood abuse, core self-evaluation, negative emotions, and suicidal ideation were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-CF), Core Self-Evaluation Scale, Affect Scale, and Beck Suicidal Ideation Scale (BSI-CV), respectively. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS 19.0 and SPSS Macro Process. We found that high scores for childhood abuse were associated with elevated levels of suicidal ideation, whereas low scores for core self-evaluation were closely linked to heightened levels of negative emotions and suicidal ideation. Furthermore, core self-evaluation and negative emotions mediated the relationship between childhood abuse and suicidal ideation through three significant paths. The results demonstrate that childhood abuse can directly impact suicidal ideation in young adulthood and indirectly influence suicidal ideation by affecting core self-evaluation and negative emotions. They suggest that addressing core self-evaluation and negative emotions in individuals who have experienced childhood abuse may help prevent or treat suicidal ideation.

Young adults attempt suicide at disproportionately high rates relative to other groups and demonstrate high rates of sleep disturbance. No study has yet prospectively evaluated disturbed sleep as an acute indicator of risk using an objective index of sleep. We investigated objective and subjective parameters of disturbed sleep as a warning sign of suicidal ideation among young adults over an acute period. A longitudinal study across a 21-day observation period and 3 time points. Fifty of 4,847 participants (aged 18-23 years) were prescreened from a university undergraduate research pool (February 2007-June 2008) on the basis of suicide attempt history and recent suicidal ideation. Actigraphic and subjective sleep parameters were evaluated as acute predictors of suicidal ideation (Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation), with adjustment for baseline symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses were employed to predict residual change scores. Ninety-six percent of participants (n = 48) endorsed a suicide attempt history. Mean actigraphy values revealed objectively disturbed sleep parameters; 78% (n = 39) and 36% (n = 18) endorsed clinically significant insomnia and nightmares, respectively. When results were controlled for baseline suicidal and depressive symptoms, actigraphic and subjective sleep parameters predicted suicidal ideation residual change scores at 7- and 21-day follow-ups (P < .001). Specifically, actigraphy-defined variability in sleep timing, insomnia, and nightmares predicted increases in suicidal ideation (P < .05). In a test of competing risk factors, sleep variability outperformed depressive symptoms in the longitudinal prediction of suicidal ideation across time points (P < .05). Objectively and subjectively measured sleep disturbances predicted acute suicidal ideation increases in this population, independent of depressed mood. Self-reported insomnia and nightmares and actigraphically assessed sleep variability emerged as acute warning signs of suicidal ideation. These findings highlight the potential utility of sleep as a proposed biomarker of suicide risk and a therapeutic target.