Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an intractable disorder characterized by a chronic inflammation of the colon. Studies have identified UC as a multifactorial disorder affected by both genetic and environmental factors; however, the precise mechanism remains unclear. Recent advances in the field of microRNA (miRNA) research have identified an association between this small non-coding RNA in the pathophysiology of UC and altered miRNA expression profiles in patients with UC. Nevertheless, the roles of individual miRNAs are uncertain due to heterogeneity in both research samples and clinical backgrounds. In this review, we focus on miRNA expression in colonic mucosa where inflammation occurs in UC and discuss the potential roles of individual miRNAs in disease development, outlining the pathophysiology of UC.
Highlights
IntroductionUlcerative colitis (UC) is a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum
We focus on miRNA expression in colonic mucosa where inflammation occurs in Ulcerative colitis (UC) and discuss the potential roles of individual miRNAs in disease development, outlining the pathophysiology of UC
This process relies on the interaction between α4β7, a cell adhesion molecule expressed on T cells, and MAdCAM-1, expressed on endothelial cells with the support of chemokine receptors, including G-protein–coupled receptor 15 (GPR15) and chemokine receptor 6 (CCR6) [105], and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 (S1P1) [106]
Summary
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a major type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by chronic inflammation of the colon and rectum. The association risk with individual susceptibility loci is small and GWAS signals are often located in non-coding regions of the genome, suggesting that protein-coding genes alone cannot explain the disease mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small (~22 nucleotides) non-coding RNAs that confer post-transcriptional regulation of target gene expression. Over 60% of human protein-coding genes harbor predicted miRNA target sites [4] that participate in the regulation of various biological processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and signal transduction [5]. We will focus on the expression of miRNAs in the colonic mucosa, where inflammation occurs in UC, and discuss their potential contribution to disease pathophysiology.
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