Abstract
Bio-diesel is a fuel produced by transesterification reaction of oil or fat in the presence of a catalyst. It is an alternate renewable source for petrol and diesel, which helps in reducing greenhouse gases emissions. Chemical catalysts such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid are used in the conventional methods of biodiesel production. This review focusses on application of lipase enzyme in transesterification of different types of oils such as: soybean, sunflower, rapeseed, palm oil, and waste cooking oil. Worldwide production of biodiesel via lipase enzyme and its economic as well as future aspects are also discussed. Various researchers have used free lipase in biodiesel production however, some lipases are also utilized as immobilized form. There are number of fungal and bacterial species that have been used to synthesize lipases, some of the microbial species are as follows: Aspergillus niger, Burkholderia cepacia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermidis etc. Solid-state fermentation and broth culture of fungus is suitable for crude lipase production. Immobilized lipase plays very significant role in transesterification process. Lipases enzymes act as a good catalyst therefore, its production and utilization may be a better alternative of chemical catalysts.
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