Abstract

Role of Microbes in Human Health and Diseases

Highlights

  • Chapter 1Introductory Chapter: Human and Microbes in Health and DiseasesNar Singh Chauhan

  • The gut microbiome is very essential for the normal functioning of the human body. This complex ecosystem is responsible for many critical functions like (1) metabolism and energy regulation [47]—up to 10% of our daily consumed calories are provided by the microbes who break down complex plant-derived carbohydrates into short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), the main energy source of the enterocytes

  • Administration of a series of prophylactic antibiotics during surgery can result in the loss of microbial gut diversity and antibiotic resistant strains like Streptococcus viridans, Enterococcus faecium, and other Enterobacteriaceae can expand their population in the gut

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Summary

Introduction

Microbes are ubiquitous in nature and humans are no exception. Microbes have coevolved with humans and reside in and on human body to develop a host associated structure, called “Human Microbiome” or “Human Microbiota.” These microbial counterparts account toward 10% of human body weight and outnumber human cells by approximately by tenfold and considered as commensals. Microbes have coevolved with humans and reside in and on human body to develop a host associated structure, called “Human Microbiome” or “Human Microbiota.” These microbial counterparts account toward 10% of human body weight and outnumber human cells by approximately by tenfold and considered as commensals. Microbial introduction and the establishment of microbiome is a random process influenced by many factor like mode of delivery, diet, sex, age, genetics, geographical location have a strong impact in shaping human microbiome structure [5–10]. These microbes are in symbiotic relationship, beside gut they are found in mouth, respiratory tract, vagina and skin

Human and microbes
Conclusion
Our internal garden—on how gut microbiota is planted and nurtured
The initial colonization
Development of the microbiota
Direct inhibition
Barrier maintenance
Immune maturation and inflammation
Antibiotic-associated colitis
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Colorectal cancers (CRC)
The therapeutic potential of the gut microbiota
In treating diseases associated with gut microbiota-associated dysbiosis
Collection, preparation, and delivery of FMT samples
Precision microbiome reconstitution
The importance of SAFE FMT
General introduction
Microbes reported in animal skins and leather products
Reported cases of beneficial microbes on humans from leather products
Pathogenic microbes on humans and on the leather products
Epidemiology
Organ involvement
Risk factors
Pathophysiology
Central nervous system
Thoracic extra pulmonary tuberculosis
Gastrointestinal tuberculosis (abdominal tuberculosis)
Specific situations
Genitourinary tuberculosis
Skeletal tuberculosis
Cutaneous manifestations of tuberculosis
Findings
Conclusions
Full Text
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