Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory state, which arise from the imbalance in lipid metabolism. Over the last decade, studies have showing the association of macrophages with this maladaptive immune response. Macrophages differentiated from monocytes and populate at the growing atherosclerotic lesions. At the lesion site by accumulating lipid they actively participate in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. These plaques are very susceptible to rupture which can lead to myocardial infarction or stroke. In future more studies are needed to classify different macrophage populations according to their phenotypic and functional characteristics to identify their roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. This review highlights several aspects of macrophages activation, diversity, recruitment, and foam cell formation in atherosclerosis.
 Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. September 2020, 6(3): 366-374
Highlights
Atherosclerosis and its associated risk factor hypercholesterolemia causes 16.7 million deaths each year worldwide (Dahlöf, 2010; Lloyd-Jones, 2010)
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease arising from an imbalance in lipid metabolism and a maladaptive immune response driven by the accumulation of cholesterol-laden macrophages in the artery wall
Concepts on how macrophages and their related cytokines and other factors affect different stages of atherosclerosis is emphasized in this review because highlighting the association of macrophage with atherosclerosis is critical for understanding the prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of this disease
Summary
Atherosclerosis and its associated risk factor hypercholesterolemia causes 16.7 million deaths each year worldwide (Dahlöf, 2010; Lloyd-Jones, 2010). Macrophages are the inflammatory cells which are first recruited to the atherosclerotic lesion sites and play a key role at all stages of atherosclerotic lesion progression. It is widely accepted that circulating monocytederived cells that enter the atherosclerotic lesions, further differentiate into macrophages.
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