Abstract
Kupffer cells play a major role in alcoholic liver disease. Oxidative stress and endotoxin are major mediators of the inflammatory process in alcoholic hepatitis. Recent evidence supports the suggestion that endotoxin-induced signal transduction begins with CD14-mediated activation of Toll-receptor 4 and subsequent activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) binding activity. Free radicals from reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in Kupffer cells also activate NF-κB binding activity. Inflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase-2 are up-regulated in response to binding of NF-κB. A combined role for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and cyclooxygenase-2 is important in the pathogenesis of alcoholic hepatitis.
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