Role of graphene oxide infusion in concrete to elevate strength and fire performance in construction concrete

Abstract

The study is centered on optimizing graphene oxide (GO) concentration in M30 designer mix concrete, aiming to enhance its performance under elevated temperatures and fire conditions. The findings revealed a significant 40 % increase in compressive strength with the addition of 0.05 wt% GO to M30 grade concrete after 28 days of curing in water. GO played a crucial role in mitigating the impact of high temperatures under heating in furnace and fire exposure under flame, resulting in reduced crack formation and a delayed temperature rise during thermal loading. In heat resistance assessments, GO concrete exhibited a substantial delay in temperature rise compared to plain concrete under controlled furnace conditions, showcasing superior resistance to elevated temperatures. Thermogravimetric analysis and Differential TG analysis elucidated the superior retention of water and hydrated products in GO concrete, even after exposure to high temperatures. Fire exposure tests demonstrated that GO concrete exhibited a much lower surface temperature (less than 50 °C) opposite to the flame (flame temperature ∼ 700 °C) within a 15 cm width of concrete. Additionally, fewer and less severe cracks appeared in the GO concrete compared to plain concrete, showcasing its anti-spalling behavior. The altered matrix porosity of GO concrete, creating nano- and microscale channels, contributed to reduced vapor pressure and mitigated crack formation. This comprehensive study underscores the potential of GO as a versatile additive in concrete, offering enhancements in strength, heat resistance, and fire performance for sustainable and resilient infrastructure development.