Abstract
Blood vessel endothelial cells directly participate in the development of solid tumors. Endothelial cells are the main actors of sprouting angiogenesis, the process by which the host organism provides blood vessels to the tumors. Once the vessels are in place, they form a physical barrier which protects tumor cells from the host immune cells and from treatments. There are several ways by which tumors tune their endothelial cells to mediate such escape: expression of leukocyte adhesion receptors by tumor endothelial cells is reduced, preventing the capture of immune cells from the blood circulation. Endothelial cell anergy represses the responses of tumor blood vessels to inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, endothelial cells naturally produce endogenous repressors of their activation which, in a tumor context, help escaping immune destruction. Several strategies aimed at targeting tumor blood vessels actually promote endothelial cell activation and look promising for treating cancers.
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