Abstract
Forest pastures with different tree crown cover were studied. The seasonal dynamics of the yield and nutritional value of grass and twig-leaf fodder of forest pasture was studied. The unsystematic use of pastures in arid territories has increased the process of degradation and has become one of the factors of depletion of their natural vegetation. The use of forest reclamation in the 70s and 90s on sandy lands and pastures in the Western Caspian region made it possible to create significant areas of forest pasture land with strip and massive stands of Ulmus pumila L. and Robinia pseudoacacia L. Different types of tree stands created on pastures not only improve the microclimate and form a comfortable environment for grazing animals, but also are an additional source of valuable twig feed. The aim of the research was to study forage productivity of forest pastures with different types of plantings on the sands of the Western Caspian region. The objects of the research were forest pastures with different species composition and tree crown cover. Studies on the forage productivity of forest-reclaimed pastures were conducted in 2018-2020 on the basis of the North Caucasus branch of Federal Scientific Centre of Agroecology, Complex Melioration and Protective Af-forestation of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The research was based on field experiments and laboratory analyses. According to the results of the study, forest-reclaimed pastures with unsystematic grazing had 1.52-fold increase in productivity compared to natural ones. The largest amount of twig-leaf feed was formed in broad-band Robinia stands in summer-autumn period. The total gross stock of natural pastures of the Western Caspian region did not exceed 0.30.4 t/ha of dry weight, the consumed stock was 0.20.3 t/ha. With the help of strip and massive plantings on degraded pasture lands, it is possible to increase significantly their productivity and quality with the achievement of 7 MJ of exchange energy and 0.260.29 feed units in 1 kg of elm and robinia twig-leaf feed during droughts.
Highlights
За весь период вегетации по всем типам лесомелиорированных насаждений кормовая продуктивность веточно-листовой массы вязовых и робиневых насаждений на высоте стравливания 1,2...1,7 м составляет 842,2 кг/га дополнительного корма
Защитные лесонасаждения для повышения продуктивности лугов и пастбищ // Агролесомелиорация
Summary
Представлена сезонная динамика урожайности и питательности травяного и веточно-листового корма лесопастбищных угодий. На песчаных землях и пастбищах Западного Прикаспия сделало возможным создание значительных площадей лесопастбищных угодий с полосными и массивными насаждениями из вяза приземистого Ulmus pumila L. Цель исследований — изучить кормовую продуктивность лесопастбищных угодий с разным типом насаждений на песках Западного Прикаспия. Наибольшее количество веточно-листового корма формируется в широкополосных насаждениях из робинии в лет-. При помощи полосных и массивных насаждений на деградированных пастбищных угодьях удается значительно повысить их продуктивность и качество — до 7 МДж обменной энергии и 0,26...0,29 кормовых единиц в 1 кг веточно-листового корма вяза и робинии в период засух. Для цитирования: Рыбашлыкова Л.П., Сивцева С.Н., Маховикова Т.Ф. Роль защитных лесных насаждений разных типов в кормовой продуктивности пастбищных угодий Западного Прикаспия // Вестник Российского университета дружбы народов.
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