Abstract
4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), as a derivative of phenolic lipids, has biological and pharmacological properties that are beneficial when used with a biomaterial. It has antimicrobial and antiseptic activity and can thus prevent contamination and infection of biomaterials. 4-HR suppresses the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) signaling pathway related to osteoclast differentiation. The suppression of NF-κB increases the bone formation marker and contributes to new bone formation. The tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by macrophages and suppressed by 4-HR. Suppression of TNF-α decreases osteoclast activity and promotes wound healing. 4-HR increases the vascular endothelial growth factor and has an anti-thrombotic effect. When incorporated into silk vascular patches, it promotes endothelium wound healing. Recently, 4-HR has exhibited biological properties and has been successfully incorporated into various biomaterials. Consequently, it is a useful pharmacological chemical that can be used with biomaterials in the field of tissue engineering.
Highlights
4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR), as a derivative of phenolic lipids, has biological and pharmacological properties that are beneficial when used with a biomaterial
4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) is derivative of phenolic lipid which is naturally synthesized in higher plants [1]
We evaluated the clinical efficacy of 4-HR and anticipated its role in the field of tissue engineering
Summary
4-hexylresorcinol (4-HR) is derivative of phenolic lipid which is naturally synthesized in higher plants [1] It has antimicrobial and antiparasitic properties, and has been used as an ingredient in topical antiseptics and throat lozenges [2]. 4-HR has been used with various biomaterials, including bone substitutes, silk, dental implants, and polymers [8,9,10] It exhibits the biological and pharmacological properties of bone, vessels, and soft tissue regeneration [11,12]. 4-HR has a beneficial effect when used with biomaterials with antimicrobial and anti-immunologic activities [13,14] It contributes to new bone regeneration when incorporated into bone substitute materials [15]. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of 4-HR and anticipated its role in the field of tissue engineering
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