Abstract
Malignant tumours are unique tissues defined by abnormal micro-environment and signaling. By a mutation–selection process, tumour cells acquire the capabilities to interact with tumour stroma, extracellular matrix or basal membranes, vessels (angiogenesis) and tumour-infiltrating immune cells. Several mechanisms involving proteases or adhesion molecules have been recognised. Interactions between tumour antigens and surrounding cells also lead to mitogenic intracellular signals and contributes to the metastatic process. Recent findings regarding circulating tumour markers, CEA, CA 15.3, CA 19.9n CA 125, PSA, Cyfra 21.1 and HER-2/ neu demonstrate that those markers directly participate in these interactions. A short review of the available data is presented here.
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