Risperidone for the Treatment of Dementia-Related Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Risperidone is one of the atypical antipsychotics that has been used for the treatment of dementia-related psychosis (DRP). However, the findings concerning its efficacy and safety in DRP are contradictory. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the effects of risperidone on the alleviation of DRP. We searched Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PsychINFO from the inception until May 2024. Appropriate statistical tests were used to test the study hypothesis. Results: The study included 17 articles and 2,311 patients with DRP. Risperidone alleviated DRP with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.355 (95% CI: 0.170–0.541, p = 0.000). The impact of treatment was positively associated with treatment duration (slope p = 0.038) and dose (slope p = 0.000). Six studies (n = 354) reported the data for the effects of risperidone on cognitive function. Analysis showed that risperidone treatment deteriorated cognitive function in DRP patients with an SMD of −0.185 (95% CI: −0.349 to −0.020, p = 0.028). The mean effect size was 0.36 with a 95% CI of 0.17–0.54. However, the true effect size in 95% of all comparable populations fell in the interval of −0.37 to 1.08. This revealed a high heterogeneity among the included publications as the prediction interval showed a wider range of expected treatment effects than CI. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis provides evidence for the effectiveness of risperidone in the management of DRP. However, because of safety concerns and high data heterogeneity, risperidone use should be individualized for each patient.