Risk-based day-ahead planning of a renewable multi-carrier system integrated with multi-level electric vehicle charging station, cryptocurrency mining farm and flexible loads

Abstract

Integration of different infrastructures has become an interesting subject due to many advantages such as high flexibility and reliability. However, interconnection and coordination of components create critical challenges. In this paper, the day-ahead planning of a renewable multi-carrier system composed of various resources, loads and storage units is optimized considering multi-level electric vehicle charging station and cryptocurrency mining farm as the electrical loads with high energy consumption. Since the instability of renewable resources in such structures leads to increasing market trading and uncertain decisions, different scenarios are generated for wind speed, solar radiation and price of markets. Then, the conditional value-at-risk metric is used to simultaneously evaluate the risk of uncertainties. Moreover, the demand side management strategies are taken into consideration to analyze the role of flexible electrical, heating, cooling and vehicle loads in energy management. A sensitivity analysis is eventually proposed to indicate the effect of various parameters. The results for the risk-averse strategy approve that increasing the robustness against the worst-case scenarios reduces the profit by about 198.97 $. Although the crypto mining farm consumes high electrical energy equal to 7605 kWh, it increases the profit by about 277.34 $. The simulations also validate that implementing the demand response program improves the system flexibility and increases the profit by about 936.57 $. Furthermore, the sensitivity analysis shows the notable impact of initial state of components on the objective function.