Abstract
Background: Physical diseases, such as infection, and emotional distress are associated with herpes zoster (HZ). However, the relationship between adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACoS) and HZ remains unknown. Objective: This study investigated the risk of HZ development in patients with ACoS. Methods: We analyzed the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database, a subset of 1 million beneficiaries from the National Health Insurance Research Database. Patients newly diagnosed with ACoS during the 2000–2012 period were the case group. Each patient with ACoS was matched to a control, according to age and index year, through frequency matching. HZ was the primary event in this study. Results: A total of 60,478 patients were included and each group contained 30,239 patients. The risk of HZ infection in the case cohort was 1.28 times that of the control cohort. ACoS increased the risk of HZ infection in each age group, particularly among patients aged younger than 50 [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.31–1.75]. Relative to the control group, the hazard ratio of HZ for male patients (aHR = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.26–1.55) in the case group was higher than that for female patients (aHR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13–1.32). Conclusion: Patients with ACoS have a higher risk of HZ development, particularly among those aged younger than 50 years. The effect of ACoS on HZ development among young adults requires attention.
Highlights
Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACoS), called frozen shoulder, is a painful condition that occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder becomes thick, stiff, and inflamed
The data were acquired from the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), which was established on 1 March 1995, and covers almost the entire Taiwanese population
adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACoS) increased the risk of herpes zoster (HZ) infection in each age group, among adults aged younger than 50 years
Summary
Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (ACoS), called frozen shoulder, is a painful condition that occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the glenohumeral joint of the shoulder becomes thick, stiff, and inflamed. The prevalence of ACoS in the general population is between 2% and 5% [2] It occurs more commonly among middle-aged people [1], in women [2]. An effective treatment for ACoS has yet to be established; at present, conservative treatment (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medication, corticosteroid injection, physiotherapy, and hydrodilatation) and surgery (manipulation under anesthesia and arthroscopic capsule release) are both used [2,3]. Physical diseases, such as infection, and emotional distress are associated with herpes zoster (HZ). ACoS increased the risk of HZ infection in each age group, among patients aged younger than
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