Abstract
BackgroundFamilial clustering of lymphoid and/or hematological malignancies (FHM) provides an opportunity to study the responsible genes. The data is limited in patients with lymphoid and hematological malignancies.MethodsThe lymphoma database was used to identify patients seen in our institution from 1998 to 2019 with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL). We studied FHM by collecting detailed history of any malignancy in the family (FM).ResultsTwo hundred NLPHL patients were identified. Contacting was not possible in 30 patients due to no response to the phone calls (22) and death [1]. 170/200 patients were interviewed; represented 167 families (3 patients with a family member with NLPHL). These 170 patients provided information about 8225 family members. These 167 families had a total of 329 family members with 334 malignancies (including 167 NLPHL patients and 5 members with 2 malignancies each). Of these 167 patients, 77 (46.1%) had no FM while 90 (53.9%) patients had a positive FM; 162 family members with 167 malignancies. Among these 167 families, 31 families (18.6%) had members with FHM +/− solid cancers. These 31 families had 35 family members (25 males:10 females) with 16 lymphomas: diffuse large B cell lymphoma [2], follicular center cell lymphoma [3], chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma [3], non-Hodgkin lymphoma [2], classical HL [2], and NLPHL [4]. Total of 8 leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia [4], acute myeloid leukemia [3], and leukemia - no subtyping [5]. These 35 FHM members are 1st [6], 2nd (16), and 3rd [7] degree relatives of 31 NLPHL patients. There are 4 families with NLPHL in family members; all these 8 NLPHL patients are male and are alive. The median total number of 1st + 2nd +3rd degree members are 81. The decrease in the age of diagnosis from 1st generation to the 2nd generation (anticipation) was noted in 13/17 patients; 2nd generation median age at diagnosis was 29.7 years vs 1st generation age 53 years (developed malignancy 23.3 years earlier).ConclusionFHM is frequent in NLPHL. This study provided us many important insights for planning future studies in terms of interviewing technique, time, and resource allocation and genetic testing.
Highlights
There is emerging data indicating the role of inheritance in the development of various malignancies
This study is to identify Familial clustering of lymphoid and/or hematological malignancies (FHM) in patients with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) seen in our Medical Oncology Lymphoma clinics and to establish a FHM database in the Oncology Research Unit
Information regarding half brothers and sisters was captured. Another form was designed in Arabic, Supplementary Data 1, for data capturing by three native Saudi Arabic speaking oncology nurses with the help of patients
Summary
There is emerging data indicating the role of inheritance in the development of various malignancies. There is limited literature on FHM in patients with nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin lymphoma (NLPHL) [10,11,12,13,14]. FHM provides an opportunity to study genetic and environmental factors as a causative agent for these conditions and may help in identifying the responsible genes. Almost all the data on FHM are coming from North American and European countries with smaller family sizes. Impact on FHM of large family size, tribal lifestyle, social, cultural environmental factors, consanguinity marriages, and marriages within the tribe are largely unknown and may have contributing effects. Familial clustering of lymphoid and/or hematological malignancies (FHM) provides an opportunity to study the responsible genes. The data is limited in patients with lymphoid and hematological malignancies
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