Abstract
Background: Venous reflux most frequently occurs in the great saphenous vein (GSV), which is the most commonly diseased vein and is associated with venous insufficiency and varicose veins.Objective: We aimed, in this study, to determine risk factors for saphenous vein insufficiency in female patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data were collected from the medical records of adult female patients who developed saphenous vein insufficiency at King Abdulaziz Medical City, between 2015 and 2017.Results: A total of 97 subjects participated in the study, 53 patients had saphenous vein reflux while 44 patients did not have reflux. Leg swelling was the only symptom that showed a significant difference between the two groups (p<0.001); patients with reflux had significantly higher rates of endovenous laser therapy (p=0.021). While the same patient group showed significantly lower rates of sclerotherapy compared to patients without reflux (p=0.006). The proportion of hypertension patients without reflux (22.7%) was significantly larger than that of hypertension patients with reflux (1.9%) (p= 0.001).Conclusion: More research is encouraged to provide better understanding and management of saphenous vein insufficiency in the Saudi population, especially in females who are at high risk.
Highlights
Lower limb saphenous vein insufficiency is a frequent medical disorder which is detected in about 30% of adult females and about 15% of males in the European community [1]
Regarding the number of previous pregnancies, we found that 22.7% of patients (n= 20) had a total of three pregnancies, 17% had a total of four pregnancies, 17% had a total of two pregnancies, and 15.9% had a total of five pregnancies
We found that the vast majority (n= 96, 99%) had venous insufficiency symptoms; 96 (99%) patients suffered from leg pain, 77 (79.4%) patients experienced leg swelling, only four (4.1%) had leg lymphedema, and only one (1%) experienced skin pigmentation
Summary
Lower limb saphenous vein insufficiency is a frequent medical disorder which is detected in about 30% of adult females and about 15% of males in the European community [1]. Most of the patients with saphenous vein insufficiency have an involvement of the great saphenous vein (GSV) followed by the small saphenous vein [2,3]. Some complications may occur with saphenous vein insufficiency comprising venous ulcerations, eczema, and superficial thrombophlebitis [5,6,7]. Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) can have a large influence on the quality of life of patients that can be compared to other frequent disorders [8]. The treatment of saphenous vein insufficiency decreases the symptoms as well as complications. It improves health-related quality of life [9]. Venous reflux most frequently occurs in the great saphenous vein (GSV), which is the most commonly diseased vein and is associated with venous insufficiency and varicose veins
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