Abstract
This study investigated the prevalence and risk factors of metabolic syndrome in 100 community-dwelling people with schizophrenia registered in mental health facilities in Seoul, Korea. This study was conducted between 12 September and 15 November 2019. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. The data included were general and disease-related characteristics, diagnostic tests for metabolic syndrome, lifestyles, depression, and social support. The analysis of collected data was done by using the SPSS 24.0 program. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 42.0%. Higher body mass index (odds ratio [OR] = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.16–2.18, p = 0.004), and depression (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 1.06–1.42, p = 0.008) were associated with higher risks of metabolic syndrome, while physical activity and weight control (OR = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.54–0.94, p = 0.018), dietary habits (OR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.93, p = 0.011), and medication and health management (OR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31–0.86, p = 0.012) were associated with lower risks. Mental health care nurses need to recognize the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia in the community and provide differentiated, customized lifestyle improvement programs based on the body mass index and depression status of each person with schizophrenia. Furthermore, comprehensive lifestyle improvement programs and health examination services that people with schizophrenia can easily adhere to should be developed.
Highlights
Metabolic syndrome is a major public health concern, the prevalence of which is steadily increasing worldwide
Mental health care nurses need to recognize the high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in people with schizophrenia in the community and provide differentiated, customized lifestyle improvement programs based on the body mass index and depression status of each person with schizophrenia
High body mass index and depression were confirmed to be associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, whereas proper lifestyle habits related to physical activity and weight control, dietary habits, and medication and health management reduced the risk
Summary
Metabolic syndrome is a major public health concern, the prevalence of which is steadily increasing worldwide. This term refers to a cluster of metabolic disorders, including abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes [1,2]. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is two- to three-fold higher than that of the general population [3,4]. Metabolic disorders in people with schizophrenia increase their risk of developing cardiovascular disease, reducing their life expectancy by approximately 10 to 25 years [5]. Some of the reported risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing metabolic syndrome in schizophrenia are associated with disease-related characteristics and lifestyle choices [6,7]. As the mental illness becomes chronic, affected individuals may maintain unhealthy lifestyle habits such as a prolonged lack of physical activity, smoking, and drinking, which predispose them to metabolic syndrome [4,9]
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