Abstract
Increasing evidences supported that subjective cognitive decline (SCD) might be a potential first symptomatic manifestation of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The rapidly growing number of SCD individuals who seek medical help and advice also makes it urgent to develop more precise strategy for SCD. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the risk factors for SCD. Logistics and linear regression models were performed to investigate 41 factors for SCD in 1165 participants without objective cognitive impairment. Cochran-Armitage trend test was used to confirm the constant trend toward higher prevalence of SCD with an increasing number of risk factors. A high overall prevalence of SCD was found in total participants (42%). Eight factors were eventually identified as risk factors for SCD, including four stable factors associated with both SCD statues and severity (older age, thyroid diseases, minimal anxiety symptoms, and day time dysfunction; odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.74 to 2.29) as well as four suggestive factors associated with either SCD statues or severity (female sex, anemia, lack of physical exercises, and living alone; OR ranging from 1.30 to 2.29). The prevalence of SCD gradually increased with the number of risk factors clustering increased in individuals (p for trend <0.001). Five of these eight factors were further proved among individuals with SCD-plus features. These findings revealed several risk factors for SCD, providing some new clues for formulating priority strategies for early prevention of SCD.
Highlights
As the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a priority worldwide in terms of both public health and social care [1]
Abnormal levels of AD-related biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid [7], increased amyloid deposition in brain measured by positronemission tomography (PET) [8, 9] and severer brain atrophy measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) [10] were found in subjective cognitive decline (SCD) individuals
Characteristics of participants A total of 1165 participants were included from the Chinese Alzheimer’s Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) study consisting of 672 cognitively normal (CN) controls and 493 SCD participants (Table 1)
Summary
As the most common form of dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has become a priority worldwide in terms of both public health and social care [1]. The failure of several previous clinical trials of therapies in the dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) stages further encouraged researchers to shift their focus to the preclinical stage of AD [2, 3]. Subjective cognitive decline (SCD), a cognitive state between objective cognitive impairment and intact cognition, is receiving increasing attention as the potentially first symptomatic manifestation of AD [4]. Longitudinal studies have shown that SCD participants have a higher conversion rate and shorter conversion time to MCI and dementia than cognitively intact individuals [5, 6].
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