Abstract
BackgroundHypertension and diabetes are risk factors for severe cardiovascular disease and are prevalent comorbidities. No studies have examined the associations of various risk factors related to anthropometry, bone mineral density and body composition of specific body regions with hypertension and diabetes comorbidity (HDC). This study explored the association between HDC and various risk factors related to specific body regions.MethodA total of 7,978 subjects (3,451 men and 4,527 women) aged ≥ 50 years were included in the analysis. A binary logistic regression analysis based on complex sample data analysis was conducted to examine associations between the normal and diabetes groups, between the normal and hypertension groups, and between the normal and HDC groups.ResultsAmong Korean adults aged ≥ 50 years, 11.27% of men and 10.05% of women had both diabetes and hypertension. The HDC prevalence was higher in men than in women. In men, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR, adjusted OR = 1.63 [1.22–2.18], adjusted p<0.001) exhibited a more significant association with HDC than other indices, left leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.61 [0.45–0.81], adjusted p = 0.0009) and right leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.60 [0.45–0.81], adjusted p = 0.0007) displayed strong negative associations with diabetes, and left leg lean mass (adjusted OR = 0.77 [0.67–0.89], adjusted p = 0.0002) and trunk fat mass (adjusted OR = 1.28 [1.07–1.52], adjusted p = 0.0062) were significantly associated with hypertension. In women, left leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.29 [0.22–0.39], adjusted p<0.0001) and right leg fat mass (adjusted OR = 0.32 [0.23–0.45], adjusted p<0.0001) exhibited strong negative associations with HDC, waist circumference (WC) (adjusted OR = 2.15 [1.40–3.30], adjusted p = 0.0005) showed a stronger association with diabetes than did other indices, and WC (adjusted OR = 1.39 [1.11–1.74], adjusted p = 0.0040) and WHtR (adjusted OR = 1.39 [1.09–1.76], adjusted p = 0.0075) were significantly associated with hypertension.DiscussionHDC was more strongly associated with fat and lean mass than diabetes and hypertension. The association between HDC and body fat variables was more robust in women than in men.
Highlights
Hypertension and diabetes are risk factors for the development of severe cardiovascular disease and are prevalent comorbidities [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
This study explored the association between hypertension and diabetes comorbidities (HDC) and various risk factors related to specific body regions
The association between HDC and body fat variables was more robust in women than in men
Summary
Hypertension and diabetes are risk factors for the development of severe cardiovascular disease and are prevalent comorbidities [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11]. According to a study by Wang et al [11] that included 14,422 participants aged 18–98 years in Changsha City, Hunan Province, 22.7% had hypertension, 7.0% had diabetes, and 3.8% had hypertension and diabetes comorbidities (HDC). According to the Korea Hypertension Fact Sheet 2020, 29% of adults over 20 years have hypertension, and 36% of people with hypertension have diabetes [21]. The 2020 diabetes fact sheet in Korea reported that 13.8% of adults over 30 years had diabetes, and 61.3% with diabetes had hypertension [22]. As prior studies have shown, the prevalence of HDC increases significantly from middle age [11, 23, 24], and it is essential to carefully identify risk factors for HDC, which is associated with high rates of cardiovascular disease and mortality [1, 25]
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