Risk Factors for 1-Year Mortality After Heart Transplant in Obese Patients Bridged With an LVAD

Abstract

BackgroundHeart transplantation is relatively contraindicated in morbidly obese patients because of increased morbidity and mortality. This study identified risk factors for post–heart transplantation mortality in obese patients with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). MethodsThe United Network for Organ Sharing database was used to identify patients with a body mass index ≥35 kg/m2 who had a durable LVAD at the time of isolated heart transplantation between 2010 and 2021. The primary outcome was post–heart transplantation 1-year mortality. Multivariable Cox regression modeling was used to identify significant risk factors for 1-year mortality. Receiver-operating characteristic analyses were performed to identify optimal thresholds for continuous variables associated with the primary outcome. Patients were stratified by the number of risk factors, and Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival. ResultsA total of 1222 obese patients were bridged to heart transplantation with a durable LVAD. Six risk factors were identified as significantly associated with 1-year post–heart transplantation mortality: recipient age >62.5 years, body mass index >36.6 kg/m2, bilirubin level >0.95 mg/dL, cold ischemic time >3.7 hours, recipient-donor sex mismatch, and pretransplantation mechanical ventilation. The distribution of cumulative risk factors was as follows: 8.6% with 0, 30.6% with 1, 37.0% with 2, and 23.8% patients with ≥3 risk factors. The 1-year survival rate decreased significantly from 96.0% in those patients with 0 risk factors to 77.6% in those with 3 or more risk factors. ConclusionsThese data provide a useful guide for risk stratification and patient selection in obese LVAD candidates being considered for heart transplantation.