Abstract
A risk analysis is presented for an enclosed 30×30m car park in which LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) vehicles are allowed to park. An event tree analysis is used to define 26 different incident scenarios and their probabilities. FLACS, a specialised CFD program, is used to calculate the formation of a flammable vapour cloud and its dilution by means of the ventilation system as well as the overpressures generated in a vapour cloud explosion. Existing empirical methods are used to calculate the overpressures generated by a BLEVE and the heat radiated by a fire ball and a jet fire. The simulations have shown that a release from a 70l LPG fuel tank can lead to vapour clouds of up to 200m3 that fill the entire height of the car park, while the explosion simulations have shown that such vapour clouds can lead to overpressures above 30kPa in the entire car park. The ventilation simulations have shown that high flow rates of approximately 0.060m3/s per m2 of car park floor area are necessary to rapidly dilute these large vapour clouds.
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