Abstract
Expanding the collection of Planctomycetes by characterisation of novel species is key to better understanding of their complex lifestyles, uncommon cell biology and unexplored metabolism. Here, we isolated three novel planctomycetal strains from a kelp forest on the California Coastline at Monterey Bay or from plastic surfaces submerged in the Baltic Sea and the estuary of the river Warnow in the northeast of Germany. According to our phylogenetic analysis, the isolated strains Poly21T, Pla100T and CA85T represent three novel species within the genus Rhodopirellula. All three show typical planctomycetal traits such as division by budding. All are aerobic, mesophilic chemoheterotrophs and show genomic features comparable to other described Rhodopirellula species. However, strain CA85T is exceptional as it forms cream colonies, but no aggregates, which is a notable deviation from the pink- to red-pigmented and aggregate-forming Rhodopirellula species known thus far. We propose the names Rhodopirellula heiligendammensis sp. nov., Rhodopirellula pilleata sp. nov., and Rhodopirellula solitaria sp. nov. for the novel strains Poly21T (DSM 102266T = LMG 29467T = CECT 9847T = VKM B-3435T), Pla100T (DSM 102937T = LMG 29465T) and CA85T (DSM 109595T = LMG 29699T = VKM B-3451T), respectively, which we present as the respective type strains of these novel species.
Highlights
Planctomycetes are ubiquitous microorganisms often found in aquatic environments
We propose the names Rhodopirellula heiligendammensis sp. nov., Rhodopirellula pilleata sp. nov., and Rhodopirellula solitaria sp. nov. for the novel strains Poly21T (DSM 102266T = LMG 29467T = CECT 9847T = VKM B-3435T), Pla100T (DSM 102937T = LMG 29465T) and CA85T (DSM 109595T = LMG 29699T = VKM B-3451T), respectively, which we present as the respective type strains of these novel species
The 16S rRNA gene identity of the three isolated strains and the type species R. baltica SH1T lies between 95.7% and 96.3%, which is above the genus threshold of 94.5% (Yarza et al 2014) (Table 1, Fig. 2)
Summary
Planctomycetes are ubiquitous microorganisms often found in aquatic environments. They are Gramnegative bacteria that belong to the PVC (Planctomycetes–Verrucomicrobia–Chlamydiae) superphylum (Spring et al 2016; Wagner and Horn 2006). In order to survive in oligotrophic ‘deserts’ such as seawater, species of the family Planctomycetaceae have been shown to attach to many different biotic surfaces (Bengtsson et al 2012; Bondoso et al 2015, 2014, 2017; Vollmers et al 2017). For this purpose, many perform a lifestyle switch between planktonic swimming daughter and sessile mother cells (Jogler et al 2011). Unique piliforming crateriform structures and an enlarged periplasm are likely involved in the uptake and probably cleavage of such compounds (Boedeker et al 2017) Such a unique uptake mechanism allows the intracellular degradation of high molecular weight carbon sources. This could be a decisive advantage compared to extracellular cleavage by secreted enzymes, a strategy that would provide accessible carbon sources to competing microorganisms occupying the same ecological niches (Frank et al 2014; Wiegand et al 2018)
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