Rhizome and leaf anatomy of Rhizocaulon huberi H.-J. Gregor (Cyperaceae, Miocene) and nomenclature of the genus Rhizocaulon Saporta ex Schimp. et Schenk

This study deals with minimally speciose epiphloeine genera. Hapsidopteris, based on H. diastenus Opitz, (type locality: México: Jalapa), is the presumed sister taxon of Opitzia Nemésio [type species: O. chiapas (Opitz), type locality: México: Chiapas: 39 km NW Comitán] a bitypic genus that also includes O. apicula, new species (type locality: Bolivia: Santa Cruz: Amboro Road, above Achira Campo). Two species define Iontoclerus Opitz, I. humeralis (Klug) (type locality: Brazil: Parà) and I. sericeus (Klug) (type locality: Brazil: Rondonia: 62 km SE Ariquemes), whose presumed sister genus is the monotypic Pericales, new genus, based on P. albogilvus, new species (type locality: Haiti: Sud-Ouest: Massif de La Selle, Morne d’Enfer). The Middle American bitypic Katamyurus Opitz [type species: K. paxillus Opitz, type locality: Nicaragua: Cerro Chimborazo], which also includes K. albopaniculus, new species (type locality: México: Sinaloa: 14 km NE La Cap. del Taxte), is considered the sister taxon to Ellipotoma Spinola (type species: E. tenuiformis Spinola. Type locality: Colombia). Megatrachys Opitz (type species: Megatrachys paniculus Opitz (type locality: México: Chiapas: 8 km W San Cristóbal) contains two additional species, M. bibara, new species (type locality: Guatemala: Zacapa: 2 km San Lorenzo) and M. truncatia, new species (type locality: México: Chiapas: 47.5 km NW Comitán) and is the hypothesized sister taxon to Pennasolis, new genus [type species; P. merkeli (Horn), type locality: Arizona: Cochise County, South West Research Station, 8 km W Portal], which in addition to the type species also contains P. californica (Van Dyke) (type locality: California: Yosemite National Park, Yosemite Valley. The phylogenetic relationships of two South American monotypic genera have not been deciphered; these are Pteroferus, new genus, based on P. zolnerowichi, new species (type locality: Brazil: Santa Catarina: Nova Teutonia), and Turbophloeus, new genus, based on T. simplex (Schenkling) whose type locality is Bolivia: Santa Cruz: Amboro National Park, Los Volcanes. Lectotypes are designated for Pennasolis merkeli (Horn), Iontoclerus humeralis (Klug), I. sericeus (Klug), and Turbophloeus simplex (Schenkling). The latter binomial represents a new combination whose specific epithet was originally associated with Epiphloeus.

In order to investigate the Chinese representatives from two genera of the tribe Oodini LaFerté-Sénectère, 1851, twenty-three Palaearctic and Oriental species of the genera Lachnocrepis LeConte, 1853 and Oodes Bonelli, 1810 are taxonomically reviewed. Because the species in question share a high degree of morphological similarity they are grouped in the "Oodes generic group". The character-analysis showed that seven species belong to Oodes, including five species to Oodes s.str. and two species to Lachnocrepis (downgraded to subgenus). The remaining sixteen species are classified in three genera: ten species in Pseudoodes gen. n. (type species: Oodes cribristernis Bates, 1892), two species in Sundaoodes gen. n. (type species: Sundaoodes hainanensis sp. n.), and four species in Nothoodes gen. n. (type species: Oodes angustatus Lorenz, 2005). The taxa of Oodes s.str. and Pseudoodes gen. n. are arranged in two and four species groups, respectively. Eleven species from three genera, including six new to science, are found in China: Oodes (Oodes) echigonus Habu Baba, 1960, Oodes (Lachnocrepis) desertus Motschulsky, 1858, Oodes (Lachnocrepis) japonicus (Bates, 1873), Pseudoodes cribristernis (Bates, 1892) (first record for China), Pseudoodes rambouseki (Jedlička, 1931), Pseudoodes ampliusculus, sp. n. (type locality: Mingfenggu Valley, Jiangfengling Mountains, Hainan), Pseudoodes emeishanicus, sp. n. (type locality: Xixinsuo Temple, Emei Shan, Leshan City, Sichuan), Pseudoodes hunanensis, sp. n. (type locality: Xiaozhuangping, Tianping Shan, Sangzhi County, Hunan), Pseudoodes leigongshanicus, sp. n. (type locality: Xijiang Town, Leigong Shan, Leishan County, Guizhou), Pseudoodes tianlinensis, sp. n. (type locality: Cenwanglao Shan, Tianlin County, Guangxi), and Sundaoodes hainanensis, sp. n. (type locality: Nada Town, Danzhou City, Hainan). Two further new species, Sundaoodes kalimantanensis, sp. n. (type locality: Bukit Liang Mount, West Kalimantan Province, Indonesia) and Nothoodes bharat, sp. n. (type locality: Dwarakapuram Village, Naidupet Mandal, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India), are also described. The following new synonymies are proposed: Oodes parallelus Motschulsky, 1858, syn. n. of Oodes helopioides (Fabricius, 1792); Oodes parallelogrammus Motschulsky, 1858, syn. n. of Oodes helopioides (Fabricius, 1792); Oodes prolixus Bates, 1873, syn. n. of Oodes desertus Motschulsky, 1858; Simous viridissimus Louwerens, 1951, syn. n. of Pseudoodes coelestinus (Chaudoir, 1882). The synonymy of Oodes hahni Reitter, 1908 with Oodes desertus Motschulsky, 1858 is confirmed. Also, the following new combinations are introduced: Oodes japonicus (Bates, 1873), comb. n. of Lachnocrepis japonica Bates, 1873; Pseudoodes vicarius (Bates, 1873), comb. n. of Oödes vicarius Bates, 1873; Pseudoodes coelestinus (Chaudoir, 1882), comb. n. of Oodes coelestinus Chaudoir, 1882; Pseudoodes subcoriaceus (Chaudoir, 1882), comb. n. of Oodes subcoriaceus Chaudoir, 1882; Pseudoodes cribristernis (Bates, 1892), comb. n. of Oodes cribristernis Bates, 1892; Pseudoodes rambouseki (Jedlička, 1931), comb. n. of Holosoma rambouseki Jedlička, 1931; Nothoodes taprobanae (Andrewes, 1923), comb. n. of Oodes taprobanae Andrewes, 1923; Nothoodes longus (Andrewes, 1940), comb. n. of Oodes longus Andrewes, 1940; Nothoodes angustatus (Lorenz, 1998), comb. n. of Oodes angustatus Lorenz, 1998. Lectotypes are designated for Oodes parallelus Motschulsky, 1858, Oodes parallelogrammus Motschulsky, 1858, Oodes desertus Motschulsky, 1858, Oodes cribristernis Bates, 1892, Oodes hahni Reitter, 1908, Oodes thessalonicensis Schatzmayr, 1909, Oodes helopioides var. fiorii Porta, 1923, and Holosoma rambouseki Jedlička, 1931. A key to the species, diagnoses, descriptions, notes on type specimens, relationships, distribution, bionomics when available, and figures of body, genitalia and other characters useful for taxonomy are provided. Numerous new records, including first country records for Romania, Israel, Nepal, China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Brunei, and Indonesia, are registered.

In this study we summarise the knowledge of the history and current state of research on the New Zealand Scirtidae to provide a base for further research on the family. Data on Tord Nyholm's research and collections are presented, based on a study of the archives and collection of Swedish Museum of Natural History. The main part of the paper is a catalogue of all described species of Scirtidae known to occur in New Zealand. A total of 11 genera and 126 species of Scirtidae is recorded for New Zealand, with 82% genera and 100% of species endemic to the New Zealand region. A reference to the original description, type locality, type depository and the known distribution within New Zealand is included for each species. Primary type specimens are illustrated for most species. Type species are designated in the present paper for Cyphanus Sharp, 1878 (type species: Cyphanus debilis Sharp, 1878), Mesocyphon Sharp, 1878 (type species: Mesocyphon marmoratus Sharp, 1878), and Veronatus Sharp, 1878 (type species: Anobium tricostellum White, 1846) as they were not fixed in the original descriptions or in subsequent works. Brounicyphon Pic, 1947 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Veronatus. Cyphon huttoni Sharp, 1878 is transferred to the genus Contacyphon Gozis, 1886.

This paper describes three distinctive, closely related, new genera and four species of Homalotini (Aleocharinae: Staphylinidae) characterized by extremely long slender, curved mandibles, very long slender and whip-like setae variously placed on the labrum, clypeus, or mentum; and similarities in the mouthparts, aedeagi and spermathecae. These new taxa are Eumecognathus new genus, type species E. tasmaniensis new species (type locality: SW Tasmania, Lower Gordon River); Siagotanyx new genus, type species S. rufa new species (type locality: Tasmania, Lake St. Claire National Park) and Drepanomastax new genus, type species D. splendida new species (type locality: Australian National Territory, Mt. Ainslie). Also described is D. nitida new species (type

The ancyrocephalids (Monogenea) with articulated or fused transverse haptoral bars and which parasitize North American centrarchid fishes are reviewed. Actinocleidus Mueller, 1937, with A. oculatus (Muel- ler, 1934) Mueller, 1937, as type species, and A. articularis (Mizelle, 1936) Mueller, 1937; A. fergusoni Mizelle, 1938; A. brevicirrus Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942; A. bifidus Mizelle and Cronin, 1943; A. recurvatus Mizelle and Donahue, 1944; A. georgiensis Price, 1966, and A. bennetti Allison and Rogers, 1970, as additional species, is redefined. A key to Actinocleidus spp. is provided. The following, due to inadequate description and/or absence of identifiable type material, are regarded as species inquirendae: A. gracilis Mueller, 1937; A. maculatus Mueller, 1937; A.flagellatus Mizelle and Seamster, 1939; A. okeechobeensis Mizelle and Seamster, 1939; A. subtriangularis Mizelle and Jaskoski, 1942; A. bakeri Mizelle and Cronin, 1943; A. harquebus Mizelle and Cronin, 1943; A. gibbosus Mizelle and Donahue, 1944; A. incus Mizelle and Donahue, 1944. Anchoradiscus Mizelle, 1941, with A. anchoradiscus Mizelle, 1941, as type species, is redefined. Actinocleidus triangularis Summers, 1937, is, by the rule of tautonymy, regarded as a synonym of A. anchoradiscus. Clavunculus Mizelle, Stokely, Jaskoski, Seamster and Monaco, 1956, with C. bursatus (Mueller, 1936) Mizelle, Stokely, Jaskoski, Seamster and Monaco, 1956, as type species and C. bifurcatus (Mizelle, 1941) Mizelle, Stokely, Jaskoski, Seamster and Monaco, 1956, as an additional species is redefined. Clavunculus unguis (Mizelle and Cronin, 1943) Mizelle, Stokely, Jaskoski, Seamster and Monaco, 1956 and Actinocleidus mizellei Hanek and Fernando, 1972 (in part) are regarded as synonyms of C. bursatus. A key to Clavunculus spp. is provided. Anchoradiscoides Rogers, 1967, with A. serpentinus Rogers, 1967, as type species, is redefined. Syncleithrium Price, 1967, with S. fusiformis (Mueller, 1934) Price, 1967, as type species, is redefined. Crinicleidus n. gen. is proposed to accommodate C. crinicirrus (Kritsky and Leiby, 1973) n. comb. as type species and C. longus (Mizelle, 1938) n. comb. as an additional species. The genera Actinocleidus, Anchoradiscus, Clavunculus and Anchoradiscoides are similar with respect to the male copulatory complex but are separated on the functional morphology of the sclerotized components of the haptor. Syncleithrium and Crinicleidus are characterized by each having a distinctive male copulatory complex, which is unlike that of the above listed genera as well as distinctive haptoral sclerites. The types of the male copulatory complexes of Syncleithrium and Crinicleidus are herein described for the first time.

Over 400 cyanobacterial genera have been described up to the present. Since the Cambridge Rules (https://www.iapt‐taxon.org/historic/1935.htm: Rendle 1935), a type species (generitype) must be specified at the time of description for a new genus to be validly described. Even though we have entered a time in which sequencing has become practical and widespread, the basic molecular characterization (e.g., 16S rRNA gene sequence) of most cyanobacterial generitypes is still lacking. About 15 cyanobacterial genera were originally described from Scandinavia. Following a field excursion in which the type or syntype localities for the type species of these genera were visited and sampled, we succeeded in finding three type species from their type or syntype localities: Capsosira brebissonii, Stigonema mamillosum, and Paracapsa siderophila. Epitypes for all three generitypes are herein established. Cells or filaments of C. brebissonii and S. mamillosum were isolated and used for single‐cell/filament PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene and subsequent cloning and sequencing of the PCR amplicons. This allows a firm establishment of reference sequences of these two genera, to which morphologically similar taxa can now be compared. Stigonema and Capsosira are shown herein to be sister to Aetokthonos hydrillicola, a cyanobacterium known to cause avian vacuolar myelinopathy in birds, including bald eagles.

Large constrictor snakes, referred to the genera Palaeopython and Paleryx, are an ecologically prominent part of the fauna of Europe during the Paleogene. Most species were named over a century ago and their taxonomy is largely based on isolated vertebrae. Furthermore, the majority of named taxa originate from imprecisely known localities within the Phosphorites du Quercy, in southern France, and thus their exact age is not known. We critically review and re-diagnose these genera based on personal examination of all existing type material, an array of new specimens, and a detailed literature review. We consider Palaeopython and Paleryx to be valid and propose vertebral characters to distinguish them. We recognize three valid species of Palaeopython, i.e. Palaeopythoncadurcensis (type species) from the Phosphorites du Quercy, Palaeopythonceciliensis from Geiseltal, and Palaeopythonhelveticus from Dielsdorf (Switzerland), and one valid species of Paleryx, i.e. Paleryxrhombifer (type species) from Hordle Cliff (England). Four other species, which were previously treated as members of Palaeopython and Paleryx, i.e. “Palaeopython” filholii and “Palaeopython” neglectus from the Phosphorites du Quercy, “Palaeopython” fischeri from Messel, and “Paleryx” spinifer from Geiseltal, are also considered as valid but pertain to other genera. Among these four taxa, “Palaeopython” fischeri has been recently assigned to its own genus, Eoconstrictor. A new genus, Phosphoroboa gen. nov. is established to accommodate “Palaeopython” filholii. We designate a lectotype for Palaeopythoncadurcensis and establish that the paralectotype maxilla and dentary are reasonably referred to this species. New material attributed to Palaeopythoncadurcensis is described from the old collections of the Phosphorites du Quercy. Paleryxcayluxi, another species established from the old collections of the Phosphorites du Quercy, is synonymized here with Palaeopythoncadurcensis. We further clarify important errors in the original description and figures of Paleryxcayluxi, identify the exact specimens that comprise the type series, and designate a lectotype. Much new material is described for Palaeopythonceciliensis from its type area in Geiseltal and intracolumnar variation is considered. We describe additional vertebral and cranial material of Paleryxrhombifer from its type area in Hordle Cliff. Based on this cranial material, we suggest non-booid affinities for Paleryxrhombifer. We designate a lectotype for Paleryxdepressus and agree with its previous suggested synonymy with Paleryxrhombifer. We re-describe the lectotype and paralectotypes of “Palaeopython” neglectus and refer and describe new material of this species from the Phosphorites du Quercy, paying special attention to intracolumnar variation; we also defer a decision on its generic relations until more abundant and complete material can be studied. We describe new vertebral material of the booid Eoconstrictor cf. fischeri from Geiseltal; similar material was previously known only from Messel and Dielsdorf. We determine that Eoconstrictorfischeri contains two distinct and unrelated species and describe intracolumnar variation in the nominotype. We clarify certain issues regarding the type series of Paleryxspinifer, designate a lectotype, and report previously unrecognized cranial material associated with the latter specimen; we transfer this species to Eoconstrictor based on cranial features and recombine it as Eoconstrictorspinifer comb. nov. We finally describe much new vertebral and cranial material of Phosphoroboafilholii comb. nov. from the Phosphorites du Quercy (both from the old collections but also from the late Eocene localities of Escamps A and C), paying special attention to intracolumnar variation. Based on this cranial material from Escamps, we identify Phosphoroboa gen. nov. as a booid. An analytical approach is undertaken in many isolated remains in order to quantify vertebral structures and assess intracolumnar variation, as well as associating isolated cranial elements to vertebral-based taxa. 3D models of the type material of the Geiseltal and Messel taxa are presented. The importance of vertebrae in the taxonomy of fossil Constrictores is addressed, although it is acknowledged that it is cranial material that can afford the most reliable phylogenetic conclusions. The diversity, distribution, biogeographic origins, and final demise and extinction of large Constrictores in the Paleogene of Europe are discussed.

Late Triassic Plant Microfossils from the Rancho de Lata Formation, Main Cordillera, Argentina

All genera based on fossil type species belonging to the family Mactridae are alphabetically listed in this work. The oldest records of the Mactridae come from Cretaceous deposits of North America. However, this group of bivalves has been worldwide recorded from the Paleogene and Neogene. An emended diagnosis for each genus is herein provided. In addition to that, type species, type localities, and occurrences are included. For each genus, a remarks section includes the most recent published taxonomic opinions. Nevertheless, in some cases, new taxonomic decisions based on morphological analysis of types have been taken. Genera based on extant type species are excluded from this work. Forty-five genera are listed herein and type material has been reproduced wherever possible.Ionesimactranom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name forCaspimactraIonesi (nonCaspimactraAli-Zade and Kabakova). This work constitutes the basis for future revisions related to fossil taxa of the family Mactridae from different regions.UUID:https://zoobank.org/ccc72130-4ea2-44a9-add9-51cfce58f2d5

SummaryThis work is a taxinomical revision of Siagoninae from Africa. Three tribes are included in the Siagoninae, one of which is new, erected to contain the Luperca Castelnau.Keys and descriptions are provided to revised species and all supra-specific taxa. Synonyms of revised taxa are listed. Where necessary, type species are designated. The distribution of each revised species is discribed in the text.One african species is recognized in the genus Luperca Castelnau, (L. goryi Guérin, 1838, type species). Two genera are regarded as members of Siagonini, one of the two genera is new: the genus Siagonella (type species, Siagona simplex Péringuey, 1892). This genus is considered to have four valid species, including a new one, punctata (type locality, N.W. of Rhodesia, Namwala).Structures used in identification are illustrated.

Stephanorhynchus White, 1846 is a eugnomine weevil genus endemic to New Zealand, with 18 nominal taxa described within the genus. Examination of the type specimens of these taxa with greater understanding of related genera has led to the distinction of four well-defined genera from the species ascribed to the genus. These are the monotypic genus Pittosporobius gen. nov., with type species P. crassus (Broun, 1880) comb. nov.; Moanus gen. nov., with type species M. lawsoni (Sharp, 1876) comb. nov., and including M. brevipennis (Pascoe, 1876) comb. nov. (= Stephanorhynchus griseipictus Broun, 1886 syn. nov.), M. nigrosparsus (Broun, 1893) comb. nov. (= Stephanorhynchus pygmaeus Broun, 1903 - syn. nov.) and M. tumulus Mazur and Brown sp. nov. (type locality Mt Dick, Otago Lakes, South Island, New Zealand); Glabrorhynchus gen. nov., with type species G. costifer (Broun, 1893) comb. nov., and including G. insolitus (Broun, 1893) comb. nov., G. purus (Pascoe, 1876) comb. nov., and G. halli (Broun, 1914) comb. nov. A reduced concept of Stephanorhynchus White, 1846 contains now four species: S. curvipes White, 1846, S. tuberosus Broun, 1881, S. attelaboides (Fabricius, 1775), S. aper Sharp, 1886. All species within the complex have been redescribed, with details provided of their external morphology and terminal structure and supported by drawings and colour photographs. Keys to genera and species are also provided as well as distribution maps and information about host plants and biology. The systematic position of these genera within the Eugnomini and their similarity with the genus Callistomorphus Perroud, 1865 from New Caledonia are discussed.Article registered number https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:567ABFD8-97A4-4F7E-9916-5E268DA632B3New taxa Glabrorhynchus gen. nov. https://zoobank.org/nov.lsid:zoobank.org:act:F99EFE65-8843-450B-9F0B-6D72A136F507 Moanus gen. nov. https://zoobank.org/nov.lsid:zoobank.org:act:A54AC2A0-754F-47A9-A1A4-509285509808 Moanus tumulus sp. nov.https://zoobank.org/lsid:zoobank.org:act:B2B8E2A8-39ED-4824-BB0B-BBB990AF29CE Pittosporobius gen. nov.https://zoobank.org/lsid:zoobank.org:act:F71E94D9-71E6-466D-9B11-96659D7D1664

The ammonite genus Eoderoceras Spath is reviewed in the light of recent discoveries and an examination of type and museum-curated material. It is argued that the bispinate type species, E. bispinigerum (Buckman), for which a neotype is designated, is morphologically very close to ammonites from Tethyan and Pacific localities that have been referred in recent literature to the genus Paramicroderoceras Dommergues, Ferretti & Meister. The type species of that genus, namely Microderoceras birchiades Rosenberg, is poorly characterized, and the lectotype designated herein cannot be readily distinguished from Eoderoceras, hence Paramicroderoceras is regarded as a junior synonym.Apart from the type species, which locally dominates a short stratigraphical thickness at its type locality on the Dorset coast, bispinate Eoderoceras are known from only sporadic occurrences in the British Lower Jurassic. However, species interpreted as being the unispinate descendants of Eoderoceras, here accorded generic status as Eteoderoceras gen. nov., are abundant in much of the British Raricostatum Zone and can be divided into a number of different stratigraphically sequential species. The genus Tetraspidoceras Spath is also described as it is thought likely to be a close relative and direct descendant of Eoderoceras that occurs in the British fossil record in the Upper Sinemurian and in the Taylori Subzone of the Jamesoni Zone (Lower Pliensbachian), containing a small number of species. The family Eoderoceratidae, to which these genera belong, is discussed to provide a broader evolutionary context; some important unresolved systematic issues are highlighted.

ABSTRACTStreams with Ranunculion fluitantis and Callitricho‐Batrachion vegetation – or habitat type 3260 according to the European Habitats Directive – require particular conservation at biogeographic level but Member States carry individual responsibility. Within this framework, the environmental requirements of this habitat type in lower Belgium (Flanders) were analysed.Overall, current vegetation composition was not significantly related to adjacent land‐use but correlated mainly with physical–chemical conditions and to a lesser extent with distance to source and channel width. Even though sites with habitat 3260 generally showed lower levels of human impact, their abiotic features overlapped considerably with those of sites without habitat 3260 but still showing hydrophyte development.Thresholds occurred in the distribution of responsive macrophyte taxa, including the more common characteristic species of the habitat type, along gradients of increasing solutes and nutrients. Comparison with water quality standards proposed so far to support good ecological status for the European Water Framework Directive in lowland rivers suggests that compliance would probably allow this habitat to persist in most cases, although some discrepancies occur. This implies that more stringent objectives may be required in some water bodies.The present analysis focuses on the conditions delimiting occurrence of HT 3260, and therefore its range and area in lower Belgium. A comprehensive understanding of its favourable conservation status remains difficult in lowland regions where most rivers are subject to strong human impact and will require a more long‐term perspective that also considers management regime, physical habitat structure and connectivity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ON THE IDENTITY OF THE GENUS LECANOPSIS TARGIONI TOZZETTI The genus Lecanopsis Targioni Tozzetti was generally accepted by coccidologists until 1994. In that year, on the basis that the exact facies of the genus was not known and that there was no type material, it was proposed that all the species previously included in Lecanopsis be transferred to the genus Paralecanopsis (synonymised with Lecanopsis in 1980) and that only the type species, L. rhyzophila Targioni Tozzetti, be retained in Lecanopsis, thus allowing a proper diagnosis of this group. In order to clarify the identity of the genus Lecanopsis, we have carefully checked the original descriptions of the genus and of its type species by Targioni Tozzetti and by Signoret. This work has highlighted some small mistakes in the translation of the original description from Italian or Latin to French and also some omissions, and these could have led to the conclusion that the real facies of this genus was not known and that the type species, L. rhyzophila, could not be congeneric with the other species currently included in Lecanopsis. However, some original drawings of Lecanopsis by Targioni Tozzetti, which he sent to Signoret in 1872, have been discovered in the Museum Nationale d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris. On the basis of this new information, and with the support of the authoritative opinion of two members of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, we consider that (i) the genus Lecanopsis is a valid genus and propose (ii) that the species of Lecanopsis recently transferred to the genus Paralecanopsis Bodenheimer be re-assigned to the genus Lecanopsis Targioni Tozzetti. Key words: host plants, Asperula, Rhizobium, Rhyzobium, Agropyrum, Aclerda subterranea, Paralecanopsis turcica, Lecanopsis formicarum, history, illustrations, behaviour.

ABSTRACTGenera assigned to the cheilostome bryozoan family Onychocellidae are revised based on the skeletal morphology of the type species and, when possible, the type material of these species. All genera are illustrated using scanning electron micrographs, some for the first time. Onychocellidae, which ranges from the Cenomanian stage of the Cretaceous to the Recent, has been a particularly troublesome family because of poorly defined generic concepts correlating at least in part with a paucity of morphological characters. Thirty-five genera are described in this review. Of these, two are recognised as subjective synonyms of other onychocellid genera (Rhebasia and Semieschara), one cannot be sufficiently characterised from the type material (Collura), and two are new: Aechmellina gen. nov. (type species Aechmella falcifera) and Kamilocella gen. nov. (type species Eschara latilabris). A neotype is chosen for Rhagasostoma hexagonum, the type species of Rhagasostoma. A key is provided to assist in the identification of onychocellid genera. Phylogenetic relationships between genera remain obscure and are unlikely to be fully resolved based on skeletal morphology alone. The family as an entity is loosely circumscribed and almost certainly paraphyletic, containing stem genera of other anascan familes such as Lunulitidae, Coscinopleuridae and Aspidostomatidae.www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:org:pub:63A31AD2-F049-42CB-A45B-557014DC286E