Abstract
The behaviors of and mechanisms acting in Ti–6Al–4V alloy during low-temperature superplastic deformation were systematically studied by using a Gleeble-3800 thermocompression simulation machine. Focusing on the mechanical behaviors and microstructure evolution laws during low-temperature superplastic compression tests, we clarified the changing laws of the strain rate sensitivity index, activation energy of deformation, and grain index at varying strain rates and temperatures. Hot working images based on the dynamic material model and the deformation mechanism maps involving dislocation quantity were plotted on the basis of PRASAD instability criteria. The low-temperature superplastic compression-forming technique zone and the rheological instability zone of Ti–6Al–4V were analyzed by using hot processing theories. The dislocation evolution laws and deformation mechanisms of the grain size with Burgers vector compensation and the rheological stress with modulus compensation during the low-temperature superplastic compression of Ti–6Al–4V were predicted by using deformation mechanism maps.
Highlights
Ti–6Al–4V, which is characterized by formability, biocompatibility, toughness, low density, high strength, anti-corrosion, and excellent high-temperature properties, is the most widely used Ti alloy both commercially and industrially [1]
The practical operations of Ti–6Al–4V are severely restricted by its superplastic deformation temperature up to 1173 K [4,5,6], which brings about problems of high tool and energy costs, low productivity, and a prolonged production cycle
The straight-line slope is the grain index p, which reflects the effect of grain size on the thermoforming performance
Summary
Ti–6Al–4V, which is characterized by formability, biocompatibility, toughness, low density, high strength, anti-corrosion, and excellent high-temperature properties, is the most widely used Ti alloy both commercially and industrially [1]. A relevant map locating the major flow mechanisms in stress against temperature for a certain grain size was introduced to forecast creep deformation of the curve of normalized stress against temperature for a certain grain size was introduced to forecast tungsten filament in bulbs [14]. New intra-grain dislocation quantity or with the dislocation breakaway solute condition mechanism in deformation mechanism maps for solid solution alloys are needed. The low-temperature deformation of Ti–6Al–4V was investigated by using the flow curves detected from compression trials at varying tensile temperatures and strain rates. A new deformation mechanism map and a processing map of variable rheological instability concerning deformation mechanism map and a processing map of variable rheological instability concerning dislocation quantity were drawn for the two-phase Ti alloy. Underlie the utilization of low-temperature deformation maps of Ti–6Al–4V [24]
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