Rheinzaberner Sigillaten in Pannonien

Abstract

The sigillata of Rheinzabern are overrepresented among ceramic types in Pannonia at almost every archeological site. Until today, from the excavated 266 sites, we know more than 15 thousand published Rheineabern sigillata. At certain cases, this strikingly high ratio is a result caused by the creation of the given camps or settlements after 180 AD. At settlements that were supposedly abandoned already at the beginning of the 3rd century, the number of such ceramics is lower. The legionary fortress that provided most of the known Rheine goods is Vindobona, while the highest number of material concerning canabae was published from Aquincum. Among the urban comunities, the quantity provided by the municipium of Brigetio holds the first place, while the utmost number of Rheine ceramics among the villas was published from Baláca. At native settlements the quantity of imported samian is relatively low, as their inhabitants lacked the financial opportunities and also the needs for imported goods. At the sanctuary areas, almost three quarters of the material of Pfaffenberg in Carnuntum consists of sigillata of Rheinzabern, while in the Isis sanctuary in Savaria, this ratio is only 7,2%. This type of sigillata is relatively rarely found in graves — we have 50 occurrences so far. Dishes intended for everyday usage of dwellers of towns and villas were also sigillata in many cases, while at settlements with native traditions they preferred bowls with reliefs. Sigillata of Rheinzabern emerged in Pannonia already in the Antonine age of, but at this time yet they were underrepresented in the presence of the sigillata of Lezoux. The greatest amount of Rheinzabern was transported into the province in the middle production section of the manufactory, i.e., between 180 and 230, in the age of the Severan conjuncture. Material dated to the middle third of the 3rd century in Pannonia is insignificant (2%), which can be attributed to the stagnation of trade relations, and to the inner and outer political situation of the Empire.