Abstract

Rhamdia macuspanensis is described as a new species of cave-dwelling pimelodid catfish from the Grutas de Agua Blanca, Tabasco, Mexico. It represents the third troglobitic species of this family in Mexico. Probably due to parallel evolution, all three species exhibit reduced eyes and faint body pigmentation. However, a set of characteristics distinguish R. macuspanensis from the remaining Mexican congeners. Its unique shape of the pectoral spine, the very long maxillary barbels, and the lower average number of free vertebrae are diagnostic features. The smooth anterior edge of the pectoral spine designates R. macuspanensis as a member of the R. laticauda species group. Some data on the habitat and biology of the new species are given.

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