Abstract
Biomaterial integration into bone requires optimal surface conditions to promote osteoprogenitor behavior, which is affected by integrin-binding via arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD). RGD-functionalized supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) might be interesting as biomaterial coating in bone regeneration, because they allow integration of proteins, for example, growth factors, cytokines, and/or antibacterial agents. Since it is unknown whether and how they affect osteoprogenitor adhesion and differentiation, the aim was to investigate adhesion, focal adhesion formation, morphology, proliferation, and osteogenic potential of pre-osteoblasts cultured on RGD-functionalized SLBs compared to unfunctionalized SLBs and poly-l-lysine (PLL). After 17 hr, pre-osteoblast density on SLBs without or with RGD was similar, but lower than on PLL. Cell surface area, elongation, and number and size of phospho-paxillin clusters were also similar. Cells on SLBs without or with RGD were smaller, more elongated, and had less and smaller phospho-paxillin clusters than on PLL. OPN expression was increased on SLBs with RGD compared to PLL. Moreover, after 1 week, COL1a1 expression was increased on SLBs without or with RGD. In conclusion, pre-osteoblast adhesion and enhanced differentiation were realized for the first time on RGD-functionalized SLBs, pointing to a new horizon in the management of bone regeneration using biomaterials. Together with SLBs nonfouling nature and the possibility of adjusting SLB fluidity and peptide content make SLBs highly promising as substrate to develop innovative biomimetic coatings for biomaterials in bone regeneration.
Highlights
Biomaterials are used to replace bone in pathological conditions such as tooth loss, osteoarthritis, or large bone defects as a result of trauma or tumor removal (Farré-Guasch et al, 2013)
This study realized for the first time pre-osteoblast adhesion and enhanced differentiation on RGD-functionalized supported lipid bilayers (SLBs), which could point to a new horizon in the management of bone regeneration using biomaterials
This study aimed to investigate whether differences exist in adhesion, morphology, focal adhesion formation, proliferation, and osteogenic potential of pre-osteoblasts on RGD-functionalized SLBs compared to unfunctionalized SLBs and PLL-coated glass substrate
Summary
Biomaterials are used to replace bone in pathological conditions such as tooth loss, osteoarthritis, or large bone defects as a result of trauma or tumor removal (Farré-Guasch et al, 2013). When large bone defects are concerned, resorbable grafts are inserted which in time are replaced by native bone. The integration of both implants and bone grafts starts with cell recruitment, adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation (Farré-Guasch et al, 2013; Gittens, Olivares-Navarrete, Schwartz, & Boyan, 2014; Shah, Thomson, & Palmquist, 2019). To allow bone graft integration, osteoclast precursors that differentiate and fuse to become bone graft resorbing osteoclasts are needed (Farré-Guasch et al, 2013). For improved bone regeneration and seamless biomaterial integration into the bone, innovative biomimetic coatings for biomaterials are still needed
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