以RFID 標籤為基礎識別資訊延伸系統—以名片管理為例

Tag & Trace Marketing

Privacy preserved e-society consists of three intangible factors firstly applications, which have data to share with authorized clients; secondly clients who wants data that contains in the applications and finally the privacy control factor which is required to maintain records about the purposes. In a world of virtually countless database capability, security breaches have the possibility to liberate millions of records into the hands of hackers or mischief's. People now a day are more concerned about their personal information, which is supposed to be leaked out from the organizations to which they are trading online. There are many global and indigenous organizations, which conducts trading with Indian group through Internet. The significant point to be noted with respect to these organizations is to make their personal and financial information totally secure so that no unauthorized person or organization should acquire their data to mistreat over the Internet. An empirical study is conducted to evaluate the existence and format of privacy policies of diverse organizations with relevance to India in conducting online business through their websites. The endeavor of this paper is to throw more light on the study, methodology, modus operandi and its results.

Modern marketing does not refer only to creating good products and establishing attractive prices to make them affordable for consumers. Any company must develop optimum communication means both with its current customers and the potential ones, even in agriculture. Internet technologies save time both for the employees of a business and its beneficiaries when they need to find a piece of information. E-mail provides the news agencies with the possibility to send information on weather for a certain period, the price and amounts of food products sold in certain commodities exchanges, data about certain technological equipment producers etc. Thanks to the Internet connection, every employee or beneficiary can access the website with the latest information about the business or fields that are connected with its activities. The presented data were taken by questioning a number of 110 producers from Timis County. The analysis of the results obtained from data processing has revealed a worrying lack on information and interest in modern communication technologies.

Rapid development of information society requires a way of general computerization and establishment of information and telecommunication technologies in almost all spheres of our present. In the fight against competitiveness and productivity, information, knowledge and the ability to manage information and knowledge in the modern world come to the fore. Social networks, social interaction between people is one of the components of the social economy, which is revealed and away is explored in social capital, representing not only the means of communication and communication, but also the mechanism of creating and constructing social space, having unlimited functions and prospects. In the era of globalism, when traditional methods of production, exchange and consumption of pellets in the summer, we witness new methods of decision-making, observing the transformation of the person him. Today, there is almost no person who has no connection with relatives, acquaintances, interest groups, and an integral part of the relationship is communication with business. Gradually, we ourselves transmit a lot of personal information that is analyzed, processed and then used, bringing into effect one of the main directions of development of modern business - a relationship and relationship with the client, attraction of new and interest of regular, already existing consumers. We are witnessing a historic moment of rapid growth of information technology and information security, especially in developed countries with high standards of living and it is the sphere of information development, in the near future, that will determine the political direction and economic role of the country in the world. The Internet enters every home and household, increasingly becomes the master of today and the main generator of the world’s limitless platforms, sends and gives landmarks to people, social groups, enterprises, organizations, authorities. The intensification of technological platforms carries not only the communication of all members of society to information resources, but also encourages active participation in exchanges, interactions and development of information technologies, which contributes to the implementation of self-expression, exchange of experience, improvement of their skills and skills, personal improvement, etc.

Learning is a lifetime business, be it six or sixty. CKelass.com provides Malaysian a new non-formal education course search platform experience, by closing the education information platform bridge for both the educational institution and individuals who are interested in self-development for personal interest and lifelong learning. Educational institution can publish their latest courses and curriculums on CKelass.com, in which users of CKelass.com could utilize this platform by selecting courses of interest thereafter signing up for it. CKelass.com serves as a service – based business platform focusing on self – development learning courses. The purpose of establishing CKelass.com is to empower a lifelong learning attitude among Malaysians by reducing the information search process for the students. Educational institutions could reduce their website build and have effective exposures on their marketing aspect. At the core business layer of CKelass.com, users (Producers: educational institution) can create value on the platform for other users (Consumers: prospective students) to benefit. Courses are divided into information technology, languages, talent skills, and financial management on CKelass.com’s website. There can be in the form of online or offline lectures (physical or digital environment), career training, workshops, certification or talks provided by public / private educational institution, learning centres, language centres, academy, schools, colleges or government sectors. Prospective student users could subscribe into CKelass.com’s newsletter about the latest course information by personalising according to their interest and needs.

Most schools are now in possession of computers both in urban and rural areas in Zimbabwe and in many other developing countries. The mushrooming of computers has led to developments and changes not only in business sectors, but, also in education. There are many ways that teachers can use to integrate Internet into the school curriculum to enhance authentic learning. Schools can use the Internet to give students access to the latest information around the planet, allow students to participate in global projects of all kinds, to bring experts from numerous fields right into the classroom, interact with people from around the world via live video and audio for free; among many uses of Internet. The big question however is, how can teachers use internet in existing curriculum to enhance academic achievement of their students and also the teachers’ professional development? In view of the above observations, this study sought to establish the challenges that teachers face in integrating Internet into the teaching and learning process in Zimbabwean secondary schools drawing on a quantitative inquiry. The study adopted the descriptive survey design. The target population comprised all teachers in Harare province. The sample consisted of 450 teachers randomly sampled. All the information was collected through a questionnaire which largely had close-ended questions and one open-ended question. The study revealed that most teachers had negative attitudes towards the use of Internet in the classroom. Lack of professional development also hindered the smooth integration of Internet into the curriculum. Schools did not provide full access of computers to teachers. The findings also revealed that schools did not provide adequate leadership support and technical support to teachers. The study recommends that teachers should be capacitated to use the Internet for the benefit of the pupils through professional development. Schools should provide ad; equate leadership and technical support to teachers. Keywords: Curriculum, Integration, Internet, Teachers, Secondary School, Province, Challenges

This study presents the results of the largest survey ever conducted in Europe and elsewhere about people’s behaviours, attitudes and regulatory preferences concerning data protection, privacy and electronic identity, both on the Internet and otherwise in their daily lives. The report draws conclusions in direct relation to four key Digital Agenda areas: Authentication and Identification, e-Commerce, Social Networking Sites, and Medical Information as Personal Data. The survey was conducted in the 27 Member States of the EU between the 25 November and 17 December 2010. 26,574 Europeans aged 15 and over resident in each EU Member States were interviewed. The methodology used is that of the Standard Eurobarometer. The study finds that personal data disclosure is increasingly prevalent in the European society, largely due to the expansion of the Information Society. In turn, most services provided in the digital economy rest on the assumption that this data and associated electronic identities are collected used and disposed of according to existing legislation. The survey shows very clearly how Digital Europe is shaping up. About two thirds of EU27 citizens use the Internet frequently, more than one third uses Social Networking Sites (SNS) to keep in touch with friends and business partners and almost 4 out of 10 shop online. In both of these contexts, people disclose vast amounts of personal information, and also manage a large and growing number of electronic identities. However, there are equally significant differences among Member States and considerable digital exclusion, mainly due to socio-demographic differences in affluence, education and age. Europeans know that if they want to benefit from using the Internet to its full potential they have to disclose their data (biographical, social, financial or medical) and manage online identities. Almost three in four Europeans accept that revealing personal data, so as to benefit from online services, is part of everyday life. While nearly all disclose biographical data (i.e. name, nationality, online account identity) to access a service, users shopping online also disclose address information and financial information and users of social networking sites disclose more social information but not financial. There is significant use of business-issued rather than public-issued credentials for all Internet transactions, especially for eCommerce; in part, this depends on the fact that although many countries issue credentials these are seldom directly usable online for commercial purposes. This implies that: A transaction system based on the use of third-party credentials, rather than on direct disclosure of bank or credit related information, and in general other ways of pegging ‘virtual identity’ to real identity may enhance accountability and be useful to stimulate cross-border shopping. b) The offer of interoperable, easy to use national and cross-border systems with similar look and feel and more uniform protection of the rights of consumer and their personal data across the EU contribute to making it easier to transact cross-border. But online users are also very much aware of risks in transacting online and are naturally concerned. The perception of risk is greater for more ‘mature/active’ users but it does not seem to curb abuse and misuse – such as data loss and identity theft. Providentially, these are still uncommon in Europe. People trust institutions more than companies, especially medical institutions, to protect the data they are entrusted with; they are slightly less sanguine about whether Governments and Banks are to be trusted and concur as to the perception that private companies such as Internet service providers, e-shops and telephone companies are not to be trusted with their data.

Privacy preserved e-society consists of threeintangible factors firstly applications, which have data to share with authorized clients; secondly clients who want data that contains inthe applications and finally the privacy control factor which is required to maintain records about the purposes. People now a day are more concerned about their personal information, which is supposed to be leaked out from the organizations to which they are trading online. There are many types of banks in India, which provide net banking or online banking serviceto the consumers through Internet. The significant point to be noted with respect to these banks is to make their personal and financial information totally secure so that no unauthorized person or organization should acquire their data to mistreat over the Internet. An empirical study is conducted to evaluate the existence and format of privacy policies of different banks of India in conducting online banking through their websites. The endeavor of this paper is to throw more light on thestudy, methodology, modus operandi and its results.

With the advancing digitalization in almost all parts of our daily life, e.g., electronic health records and smart homes, and the outsourcing of data processing, e.g., data storage in the cloud and data analysis services, computer-based systems process more and more data these days. Often the processed data originate from natural persons (called data subjects) and are hence personal data possibly containing sensitive information about the individuals. Privacy in the context of personal data processing means that personal data are protected, e.g., against unwanted access and modification, that data subjects are aware about the processing practices of the controller that processes their data, and that data subjects keep control over the processing of their personal data. Privacy regulations, such as the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), aim at protecting data subjects by empowering them with rights and by putting obligations on controllers processing personal data. Not only administrative fines defined in regulations are a driver for the consideration of privacy in the development of a software-based system, also several data breaches occurred in the last years have shown that a poor consideration of privacy during the system and software development may ultimately lead to a loss of trust in and reputation of the controller. To avoid the occurrence of data breaches and to be compliant with privacy regulations, privacy should to be considered in system and software development as a software quality from the beginning. This approach is also known as privacy-by-design. There are several challenges for privacy-by-design methods that are still not fully addressed by existing methods. First, diverse notions of privacy exist. Most of these privacy notions are non-technical and have to be refined to more technical privacy requirements that can be related to the system. Second, the system has to be analyzed for its personal data processing behavior. That is, it has to be determined which personal data are collected, stored, and provided to others by the system. Third, the privacy requirements have to be elicited that are actually relevant for the system. Fourth, the privacy risks imposed by or existing in the system have to be identified and evaluated. Fifth, measures that implement the privacy requirements and mitigate the privacy risks of the system have to be selected and integrated into the system. Sixth, privacy regulations mandate to assess the impact of the personal data processing on the data subjects. Such a privacy impact assessment (PIA) may be performed as part of a privacy-by-design method. Seventh, the conduction of a privacy-by-design method should be supported as good as possible, e.g., by a systematic method, supportive material, and computer support. In this thesis, I propose the privacy requirements engineering method Problem-based Privacy Analysis (ProPAn). The ProPAn method aims to address the aforementioned challenges starting with a system's functional requirements as input. As part of ProPAn, I provide a privacy requirements taxonomy that I derived from and mapped to various other privacy notions. This privacy requirements taxonomy addresses the first challenge mentioned above. The ProPAn method is the main contribution of my thesis and addresses the second to seventh challenge mentioned above. To address the fifth challenge in the ProPAn method, I propose an aspect-oriented requirements engineering framework that allows to model cross-cutting functionalities and to modularly integrate them into a system's functional requirements. The seventh challenge is addressed by ProPAn's computer support for the execution of the method and the documentation and validation of the method's artifacts in a machine-readable model.

Communication infrastructure of wireless sensor networks significantly tends to depend on application requirements. Gossip communication is becoming one of the promising solutions for addressing its scalability problems in providing information propagation functionality based on the P (publish)/S (subscribe) paradigm. In particular, despite the importance of both guaranteeing message delivery order required and supporting overlapping groups in sensor networks, there exist little research works on development of gossip-style dissemination protocols to satisfy all these requirements. In this paper, we present the latest causal information transmission protocol between publishers and subscribers for overlapping groups. In this protocol, sensor leaders as publishers might guarantee consistently causally ordered message delivery among themselves by aggregating causality information. On the other hand, only the latest causal information piggybacked on each multicast message is transmitted from publishers to subscribers through gossip-style dissemination. Its scalability feature might be highly suitable for the area of the applications requiring only the minimum meaningful information.

This system proposes ubiquitous card service which is to give us the unique personalized information in UCity( Ubiquitous City). The user have to submit the personal information(considered one's intellectual powers, concerns, and age etc.) in U-Card(Secure Smart Card with PKI and RF tag) with secure channel to the information servers, and the user acquired the unique information that is created by system with the user?s personal information. This system can keep individual information and apply U-Card having public key and certificate to the protection of the invasion of one?s privacy and support the communication between RFID and Reader. So the system acquires the personalized information then provide services(customized information about the contents) on the base of U-City.

In the generation of Web 2.0, as many users start to make lots of web contents called user created contents by themselves, the World Wide Web is overflowing by countless information. Therefore, it becomes the key to find out meaningful information among lots of resources. Nowadays, the information retrieval is the most important thing throughout the whole field and several types of search services are developed and widely used in various fields to retrieve information that user really wants. Especially, the legal information search is one of the indispensable services in order to provide people with their convenience through searching the law necessary to their present situation as a channel getting knowledge about it. The Office of Legislation in Korea provides the Korean Law Information portal service to search the law information such as legislation, administrative rule, and judicial precedent from 2009, so people can conveniently find information related to the law. However, this service has limitation because the recent technology for search engine basically returns documents depending on whether the query is included in it or not as a search result. Therefore, it is really difficult to retrieve information related the law for general users who are not familiar with legal terms in the search engine using simple matching of keywords in spite of those kinds of efforts of the Office of Legislation in Korea, because there is a huge divergence between everyday words and legal terms which are especially from Chinese words. Generally, people try to access the law information using everyday words, so they have a difficulty to get the result that they exactly want. In this paper, we propose a term mapping methodology between everyday words and legal terms for general users who don't have sufficient background about legal terms, and we develop a search service that can provide the search results of law information from everyday words. This will be able to search the law information accurately without the knowledge of legal terminology. In other words, our research goal is to make a law information search system that general users are able to retrieval the law information with everyday words. First, this paper takes advantage of tags of internet blogs using the concept for collective intelligence to find out the term mapping relationship between everyday words and legal terms. In order to achieve our goal, we collect tags related to an everyday word from web blog posts. Generally, people add a non-hierarchical keyword or term like a synonym, especially called tag, in order to describe, classify, and manage their posts when they make any post in the internet blog. Second, the collected tags are clustered through the cluster analysis method, K-means. Then, we find a mapping relationship between an everyday word and a legal term using our estimation measure to select the fittest one that can match with an everyday word. Selected legal terms are given the definite relationship, and the relations between everyday words and legal terms are described using SKOS that is an ontology to describe the knowledge related to thesauri, classification schemes, taxonomies, and subject-heading. Thus, based on proposed mapping and searching methodologies, our legal information search system finds out a legal term mapped with user query and retrieves law information using a matched legal term, if users try to retrieve law information using an everyday word. Therefore, from our research, users can get exact results even if they do not have the knowledge related to legal terms. As a result of our research, we expect that general users who don't have professional legal background can conveniently and efficiently retrieve the legal information using everyday words.

Lately electronic tagging policy for the sexual offenders was introduced in order to reduce and prevent sexual offences. However, most sexual offences against children happening these days are committed by the tagged offenders whose identities have been released. So, for the crime prevention, we need measures with which we could minimize the suffers more promptly and actively. This paper suggests a new system to relieve the sexual abuse related anxiety of the children and solve the problems that electronic bracelet has. Existing bracelets are only worn by serious criminals, and it's only for risk management and positioning, there is no way to protect the children who are the potential victims of sexual abuse and there actually happened some cases. So we suggest also letting the students(children) wear the LBS(Location Based Service) and USN(Ubiquitous Sensor Network) technology based electronic bracelets to monitor and figure out dangerous situations intelligently, so that we could prevent sexual offences against children beforehand, and while a crime is happening, we could judge the situation of the crime intelligently and take swift action to minimize the suffer. And by checking students' attendance and position, guardians could know where their children are in real time and could protect the children from not only sexual offences but also violent crimes against children like kidnapping. The overall system is like follows : RFID Tag for children monitors the approach of offenders. While an offender's RFID tag is approaching, it will transmit the situation and position as the first warning message to the control center and the guardians. When the offender is going far away, it turns to monitoring mode, and if the tag of the child or the offender is taken off or the child and offender stay at one position for 3~5 minutes or longer, then it will consider this as a dangerous situation, then transmit the emergency situations and position as the second warning message to the control center and the guardians, and ask for the dispatch of police to prevent the crime at the initial stage. The RFID module of criminals' electronic bracelets is RFID TAG, and the RFID module for the children is RFID receiver(reader), so wherever the offenders are, if an offender is at a place within 20m from a child, RFID module for children will transmit the situation every certain periods to the control center by the automatic response of the receiver. As for the positioning module, outdoors GPS or mobile communications module(CELL module)is used and UWB, WI-FI based module is used indoors. The sensor is set under the purpose of making it possible to measure the position coordinates even indoors, so that one could send his real time situation and position to the server of central control center. By using the RFID electronic roll book system of educational institutions and safety system installed at home, children's position and situation can be checked. When the child leaves for school, attendance can be checked through the electronic roll book, and when school is over the information is sent to the guardians. And using RFID access control turnstiles installed at the apartment or entrance of the house, the arrival of the children could be checked and the information is transmitted to the guardians. If the student is absent or didn't arrive at home, the information of the child is sent to the central control center from the electronic roll book or access control turnstiles, and look for the position of the child's electronic bracelet using GPS or mobile communications module, then send the information to the guardians and teacher so that they could report to the police immediately if necessary. Central management and control system is built under the purpose of monitoring dangerous situations and guardians' checking. It saves the warning and pattern data to figure out the areas with dangerous situation, and could help introduce crime prevention systems like CCTV with the highest priority. And by DB establishment personal data could be saved, the frequency of first and second warnings made, the terminal ID of the specific child and offender, warning made position, situation (like approaching, taken off of the electronic bracelet, same position for a certain time) and so on could be recorded, and the data is going to be used for preventing crimes. Even though we've already introduced electronic tagging to prevent recurrence of child sexual offences, but the crimes continuously occur. So I suggest this system to prevent crimes beforehand concerning the children's safety. If we make electronic bracelets easy to use and carry, and set the price reasonably so that many children can use, then lots of criminals could be prevented and we can protect the children easily. By preventing criminals before happening, it is going to be a helpful system for our safe life.

Libraries of engineering institutions are prominent information organizations that play vital role in catering to the information needs of the respective institutions. Students of engineering subjects need to update their knowledge through latest information in their respective field of interest which enables them to support their academic needs. How the information needs and seeking behavior of the students' community is steered by the library professionals is indeed a big question. This paper intends to examine the overall information seeking behavior of students of school of computer engineering, KIIT University, India. The analysis reveals that students are absolutely satisfied with the loan of books (circulation) and internet service. However, respondents have a very poor opinion on reservation service and interlibrary loan. Moreover, the paper provides some constructive suggestions for the up-gradation systems and services of the university library.

Objective To explore the correlation between personality type and organ donation ability, in order to provide new ideas for organ donation coordinator recruitment, business training and management in the future. Methods The related data were collected by sending network questionnaires to 25 organ procurement organizations which from 18 provinces in China. The investigation content included personal basic information, years of working, the average number of organ donation cases and the Myers-Briggs type indicator (MBTI) scale. Results A total of 167 valid questionnaires from 17 organ procurement organizations which from 15 provinces were got back. The results of MBTI scale showed that the overall preference for extroversion was 77.2% (129/167) in the E-I dimension; the overall preference for sensory type was 91.6% (153/167) in the S-N dimension; the overall preference for affective type was 67.1% (112/167) in the T-F dimension; and the overall preference for judgment type was 72.5% (121/167) in the J-P dimension. There was statistic difference between organ donation coordinators with different years of working in the E-I dimension (χ2=7.976, P<0.05). There was statistic difference between organ donation coordinators with different average number of organ donation cases in the J-P dimension (χ2=13.875, P<0.05). Thirteen personality types were found among 167 organ procurement organizations, and the top 9 personality types were ESFJ (68 cases, 40.7%), ESTJ (22 cases, 13.2%), ESFP (22 cases, 13.2%), ISTJ (15 cases, 9.0%), ISFJ (8 cases, 4.8%), ESTP (7 cases, 4.2%), ISFP (7 cases, 4.2%), ISTP (5 cases, 3.0%) and ENFP (5 cases, 3.0%), respectively, amounting to 159 persons (accounting for 95.2% of the total number of investigation). Conclusion People with extroversion personality was more suitable for the work of organ donation coordinator, and The perception personality is helpful for the improvement of organ donation cases. Key words: Human organ donation coordinator; Personality type; MBTI; Organ donation