Reviving the green transition process in the post-pandemic Era: the case of Bangladesh

Post-pandemic, the use of medical supplies, such as masks, for epidemic prevention remains high. The explosive growth of medical waste during the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant environmental problems. To alleviate this, environment-friendly epidemic prevention measures should be developed, used, and promoted. However, contradictions exist between governments, production enterprises, and medical institutions regarding the green transformation of anti-epidemic supplies. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate how to effectively guide the green transformation. Concerning masks, a tripartite evolutionary game model, consisting of governments, mask enterprises, and medical institutions, was established for the supervision of mask production and use, boundary conditions of evolutionary stabilization strategies and government regulations were analyzed, and a dynamic system model was used for the simulation analysis. This analysis revealed that the only tripartite evolutionary stability strategy is for governments to deregulate mask production, enterprises to increase eco-friendly mask production, and medical institutions to use these masks. From the comprehensive analysis, a few important findings are obtained. First, government regulation can promote the green transformation process of anti-epidemic supplies. Government should realize the green transformation of anti-epidemic supplies immediately in order to avoid severe reputation damage. Second, external parameter changes can significantly impact the strategy selection process of all players. Interestingly, it is further found that the cost benefit for using environmentally friendly masks has a great influence on whether green transformation can be achieved. Consequently, the government should establish a favorable marketplace for, and promote the development of, inexpensive, high-quality, and effective environmentally friendly masks in order to achieve the ultimate goal of green transformation of anti-epidemic supplies in the post-pandemic era.

With environmental issues increasingly becoming prominent in today’s business world, firms may need to pay extra attention to developing their environmental strategies and capabilities in response to environmental concerns and achieving sustainable growth. While a broad consensus exists on the value of green innovation, current empirical research on how different types of green innovation strategies may account for the international performance of a firm remains scant. Addressing this gap is important because determining how to better manage a firm’s green innovation strategies nowadays has become increasingly important for firms hoping to achieve and maintain their sustainable performance advantages. This study aims to bridge this gap by systematically examining how various types of green innovation strategies (i.e., green product, green process, and green service innovations) can be beneficial to firms in an emerging market economy. This study also examined the important role that potential risks of supply chain play in shaping the relationships between various types of green innovation strategies and firm performance. This study proposes that the effective management of supply chain risks may be important to the successful implementation of green innovation strategies because green innovation has increasingly become a collaborative effort. This study empirically tested the hypotheses by gathering survey data from a sample of 337 firms in China’s manufacturing industries. Results demonstrate that the green innovation strategies of firms are positively related to their firm performance. Additionally, the potential risks faced by the firms in efficiently and effectively managing their supply chain significantly moderate the impact of green product innovation and green process innovation strategies on their firm performance. This study not only offers useful theoretical implications for the green innovation strategy research and for better and effective supply chain risk management. It also provides important practical guidelines and managerial actions that practicing managers can implement to accelerate their green innovation strategy, assess the effect of supply chain risks, and thus improve firm performance in the post-pandemic era.

Drivers and Challenges in Green Transition: A Case of Bangladesh's Textile Industry

Climate change has generated intense concerns from public authorities and international institutions with regard to shaping the behavior of companies, consumers, investors, and other stakeholders so as to manage this challenge as efficiently as possible. In order to address the climate emergency in the post-pandemic era, recovery plans need to trigger decarbonization, and a green transition, including specific investments and providing a more adaptive structure of the sources of energy in different regions, able to meet the need for a systemic shift towards a more sustainable economy that works for both people and the planet. The main measurable effect of energy production and consumption is by far represented by carbon emissions. In the present paper, we aim to identify the statistical significance of several factors influencing the carbon dioxide emission per capita in the European countries-level of economic development, level of globalization, trade openness, and the intensity of energy transition measured by the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption. The results show an increased interest of the experts in energy consumption model shift through green energy increased share, with relatively high differences among the 42 European countries analyzed. The analysis was conducted for the period 1990-2018 and policy differences depending on variables (GDP/capita, globalization index, trade openness, and renewable energy share in total energy consumption) were identified. The results showed that the carbon dioxide emission per capita evaluation designed model is representative of the European countries. The fact that the targets set by European non-EU member states for reducing CO2 emissions are lower than for the EU is influencing the dynamics of the energy transition, with implications for the size and destination of funds to finance the development of renewable energy.

The Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking as a catalyst for a green transition in Europe under the European Green Deal

Is there a real climate action after Sharm el–Sheikh COP27 (27th Conference of the Parties) and Davos Forum meetings, assisted by institutional Investors? In 1930, John Maynard Keynes wrote, “the World has been slow to realize that we are living this year in the shadow of one of the greatest economic catastrophes of modern history” (Keynes [1930] 2010). Ninety years later, the world endured the international Great Financial Crisis 2007–2009, COVID-19, and the post pandemic era. The Green Keynesianism (GK) and the Just Transition (JT) discussion since the Paris Agreement gained importance. A variety of institutions affiliated with the banking and finance sectors are calling for actions, processes and instruments of finance and investment oriented towards climate change to be aligned with JT. The argument is that GK policies will be crucial to making JT a reality as the scale and pace of finance has implications for both the impact and process of transitions This article explores the new developments in climate action financing by institutional investors. In planning the post-COVID recovery there is an opportunity to transit on a pathway of development that tackles climate change, protects the environment, and ensures the long-term health and security of humankind.

Due to the pandemic of COVID-19, students have started using digital technology in learning and note-taking. However, for early adopters, this method might be challenging. Thus, this study objectively examines the preferences of students’ physical or digital note-taking styles. Convenience sampling among 125 students in Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Selangor branch, Puncak Alam Campus has been used as part of the methodology. Three main variables are selected in assessing the student’s preferences for notes based on the previous study which are Health Expectancy, Eco-Friendly Environment, and Notes Accessibility Conditions. The analysis done is descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using SPSS and SMARTPLS 4. The findings show that the students still prefer physical notes over digital notes. The percentage of preferences is almost the same, and it is expected that in the future the percentage of digital notes taking will shift from physical notes to digital notes. Notes accessibility condition is a significant variable while the other variables are not significant towards student’s preferences for notes. The students are still in the transition process from the era before the pandemic and the post-pandemic era. Thus, it is recommended that the learning style and note-taking style might adopt the combination of physical and digital notes.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difficulties faced by teachers while delivering online classes and to find various strategies to address these concerns. This study also aims to examine the post-pandemic shift toward blended teaching along with traditional methods. The present study utilizes a qualitative approach. The sample of the study comprises teachers in higher education institutions (HEIs) in Punjab. Semi-structured in-depth interviews with 32 teachers were conducted regarding the challenges they face while conducting online classes. The analysis was done using ATLAS.ti version 8. The findings shed light on six different categories of the difficulties faced by teachers: teaching amidst the home setting, assessment and evaluation, students’ engagement in online learning, technical problems, personal problems faced by the teachers, and issues related to institutional support. The study also tries to illustrate the transition from online to blended teaching, which has now become a new normal or the ‘next normal,’ despite the challenges. COVID-19 is one of the most severe issues that humanity has ever encountered. The transition and acceptance process varied across countries, regions, and institutions due to local circumstances and guidelines, but it was undoubtedly a roller coaster for teachers. Different individuals gradually unfolded the challenges. Blended education offers a flexible solution that can effectively address the challenges associated with online education in the post-pandemic era.

Green bonds are a type of fixed-income instrument that specifically designed to fund environmentally friendly projects. Investigating the performance of green bonds is essential to gain insights into the risk-return characteristics and dynamics within sustainable finance and their potential role in portfolio diversification. In this paper, we comprehensively examine the ability of green bonds to act as a hedge or a safe haven against nineteen international equity market movements (most of the G20 and Switzerland) over the 2014–2022 period. Using regression analysis, we find that green bonds had acted as a strong hedge for many countries but have lost such property for utmost after the COVID-19 outbreak, while they still provide safe haven benefit for many countries' equity indexes. By the use of a novel CAViaR-based TVP-VAR connectedness approach, we further examine the tail risk spillovers among green bond and international equities which extends the consideration in extreme loss (VaR) perspective. We show that the spillovers rapidly increased during the first wave of COVID-19 and has remained at relatively high level until recent days. In combination of all metrics, we argue that Saudi Arabia might be the only country that has received as good (or even better) protection from green bond in the post-pandemic era as (than) before. Overall, these should increase the attractiveness of green bonds as elements of a portfolio, enhancing the green transition.

Purpose: this article is to conceptualize the reasons of European green energy transition sustainability on the basis of its historic dynamics of its political and economic drivers and its possible developments taking into account adjustments of this process caused by current energy market situation.Methods: system analysis in the context of economics and politics, case-study, statistical method, information analysis and synthesis, data visualization method are applied.Results: the process of formation of modern economic and political drivers of green energy transition from the moment of the origin of this process to the present time has been investigated. The scale of the restructuring of European energy in the first quarter of the 21st century is shown based on the analysis of the dynamics of energy production by different types of generation. The substantiation of the sustainability of the process of greening energy in European countries is formulated, consisting in a combination of political and economic factors. The possible options for the development of the European green transition process in the medium term are evaluated, taking into account the adjustments of market conditions that are caused by the current unstable state of the energy markets.Conclusions and Relevance: green energy transition is caused from a political point of view, firstly, by the popularity of the concept among voters, and secondly, by the fact that it is the only option to ensure energy independence for Europe. From an economic point of view, the green transition acts as a tool for the development of industry, support for innovation and a factor in reducing negative externalities associated with the negative consequences of the use of hydrocarbon energy. The combination of these factors ensures the sustainability of the greening of energy, therefore, the most likely option for its medium-term development will be the resumption of the process after finding temporary solutions for energy supply.

Purpose Focused on Indonesia’s manufacturing sector, where SMEs dominate and environmental regulations evolve. This study examines how ambidextrous leadership drives sustainability performance through green innovation, addressing a critical gap in emerging economies. By integrating the Natural Resource-Based View, we reveal how leaders’ dual exploration-exploitation capabilities foster green product and process innovation, transforming environmental challenges into competitive advantages. Design/methodology/approach Using a robust quantitative analysis of 392 Indonesian manufacturing leaders, we demonstrate that ambidextrous leadership not only directly enhances sustainability performance (ß = 0.43, p < 0.001) but also indirectly through green product innovation (ß = 0.26, p < 0.001). Notably, green product innovation outperforms process innovation in this context, likely due to Indonesia’s growing consumer demand for eco-friendly goods. Findings These findings offer actionable insights for policymakers and business leaders, showing that targeted leadership training and green R&D incentives can accelerate progress toward Indonesia’s 2060 net-zero agenda. This study advances leadership theory by contextualizing ambidexterity in resource-constrained settings and redefining sustainability pathways for developing nations. Originality/value This study breaks new ground by integrating the Natural Resource-Based View with ambidextrous leadership theory, revealing how leaders in Indonesia’s manufacturing sector leverage green innovation to achieve sustainability. Unlike prior research focused on Western contexts, we uncover the critical mediating roles of green product and process innovation in an emerging economy, where SME dynamics and regulatory pressures shape outcomes. The findings offer a novel framework for policymakers, linking leadership training to Indonesia’s 2060 net-zero targets. This research redefines sustainability leadership in resource-constrained settings, providing actionable strategies for balancing exploration and exploitation in green transitions.

Energy transition process and community engagement on geographic islands: The case of Culatra Island (Ria Formosa, Portugal)

Under the climate change background, green manufacturing is a critical path to realizing a low-carbon economy. The role of green products from manufacturing in economy-wide green transition has been discussed in the literature. In contrast, innovation in the industrial process, an important driver of climate change, has seldom been studied. This paper investigates the impact of green production process innovation on green manufacturing production using a fixed-effect SFA model. Furthermore, we discuss whether the impact of green production process innovation is conditioned on the economic development level, using a newly developed partial linear functional model. The results show that green production process innovation benefits green manufacturing, promoting sectoral carbon and energy efficiency. This paper further proposes policy implications, based on the findings that the green production process innovation’s marginal effects vary with economic development level.

Not everything is green in the green transition: Theoretical considerations on market structure, prices and competition

The awareness of the environment, climate, and nature that emerged worldwide in the 1970s has paralleled the actions taken in the European Union (EU) under the United Nations. In the EU, the environmental title was given a legal basis for the first time with the entry into force of the Single European Act, and action on the environment and climate change became the main priorities of the EU in all areas with the amendments in the founding treaties. This study examines environmental and climate policy in the EU and the process known as the green transition in the EU. The study consists of three sections. The first section discusses the environment and the development of climate change awareness in the world and the EU, while the second section underlines the EU's environmental and climate change approaches and policies. The third and final section highlights the development and green transition strategy adopted by the EU in 2019 and the “Green Deal” strategy paper. The study concludes that the “Green Deal” is at the heart of the so-called green transition process in the EU, that the goals sought by the Deal are very ambitious, that it is almost impossible to achieve the corresponding goals without an effective/coercive political mechanism, and that the EU is planning a green transition rather than a green transformation.