Revisiting Tomasz Sikorski: Polish Minimalism and Its Critique

Detecting subtle change from dense Landsat time series: Case studies of mountain pine beetle and spruce beetle disturbance

Neuropsychiatric Complications of Efavirenz Therapy: Suggestions for a New Research Paradigm

With corresponding theoretical concepts from both analysed periods (communist and present) as reference, this article will discuss the main differences between the communist period and the present in relation to the presentation of financial statements in Romania. We shall analyse the distinctions and similarities between the two periods, ultimately forming a conclusion encompassing the degree and direction in which this process has evolved in our country.

Selective control of donor-acceptor Stenhouse adduct populations with non-selective stimuli

Trotz umfangreicher öffentlicher Förderungen wiesen die Schweizer Forstbetriebe in den letzten Jahren durchschnittlich negative Ergebnisse in der Waldbewirtschaftung aus. Im Gegensatz dazu, erzielten die deutschen und österreichischen Forstbetriebe mit nur geringen öffentlichen Förderungen mehrheitlich deutliche Gewinne (Abbildung 2). Abbildung 2: Erfolg in der Waldbewirtschaftung sowie aus den Dienstleistungen und hoheitlichen Aufgaben der Flachland-und Gebirgsforstbetriebe in der DACH-Region 2015-2019 Quelle: Bürgi et al. 2022; fixer Wechselkurs 1.11 €/CHF (Jahresmittelwert 2019), Schweizerische Nationalbank 2020 Als wichtigster Grund für die negativen Betriebsergebnisse in der Schweiz werden die hohen Produktionskosten in der Walbewirtschaftung und im Besonderen in der Holzernte, der wichtigsten Kostenstelle der Forstbetriebe, gesehen (Bürgi et al. 2021c). Ein Vergleich der Kostenstruktur der Forstbetriebe in der DACH-Region 1 zeigt denn auch grosse Unterschiede und damit Potenziale zur Verbesserung für die Schweizer Forstbetriebe auf der Kostenseite. Insbesondere die Holzerntekosten sind im Schweizer Durchschnitt sowohl im Flachland als auch im Gebirge deutlich höher als in Deutschland und Österreich

In 2015, the Architecture Department of Warsaw University of Technology was celebrating a century of existence. Although the Warsaw College was created during the occupation, it was characterised by the autonomy of its creators. Even in the hostile post-war years, when the leading professors were under the influence of socrealism, the teachers kept elaborating independent ideas about the design. Many started creating according to the new ideology, but some were still developing concepts that were not influenced by the oppressive communist system. Many creators and theoreticians of the Architecture Department influenced the academic, didactic and creative activity of the following generations of architects. Oskar Hansen was one of the many outstanding alumni of the Faculty of Architecture Warsaw University of Technology. He was a teacher at the Visual Structures Studio at the Fine Arts Academy, from 1954 to 1983. His unconventional creativity influenced heavily the research led in the experimental laboratory of the Department of Sculpture at the Fine Arts Academy. Hansen’s character has been widely described, both in academic and popularised literature, in Polish and in English. The most notable are About Zofia and Oskar Hansen by Springer and Zaczyn, Zobaczyć świat (Looking at the world) written by Hansen himself, where he describes his open form theory and his publications in the weekly Przegląd Kulturalny (The Cultural Review) and the magazine Architektura (Architecture). In this research paper, we will question the available literature about the subject - the artist’s own publications, articles and monographies describing his work, and more specifically, the architectural practice using the theory of design called “open form”. The “open form” theory will be analysed under the perspective of the applicability of the semantic narrative of the architecture of meaning. The research will be led through a case study method. We have chosen to analyse ten major semantic subjects: the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in Berlin, the POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw, the Franciscan monastery in Tychy, the Ronchamp Chapel in France, the ecumenical chapel in Switzerland, Bruder Klaus chapel in Germany, St. Jacob’s chapel in Germany, the Chapel of Reconciliation in UNESCO, the Cymbalista synagogue in Tel Aviv, and the Bełżec memorial for the murdered in Poland. The chosen subjects have been carefully selected, in order to show the multi-layered quality of the open form theory. The influence of the open form theory when designing modern object related to a symbolic narrative, remembrance sites, and sacral spaces, will be a significant element of our study. An innovative element of this work will be the attempt to fully analyse the “open form” theory exposed in Hansen’s writings called Zobaczyć świat. The study of these specific elements and characteristics of the contemporary commemorative monuments and sacral objects belonging to the open architecture school raises the question of the place of semantics in the globalisation era. In the open form theory, the author builds the opportunity for contextualisation, and challenges the user. Does it stand in opposition or does it balance the Kantian theory of sacral spaces? The open form issue can also be connected to the didactics of the Faculty of Architecture Warsaw University of Technology, Workshop of Sacral and Monumental Architecture. The long-standing didactic practice of the university shows the importance of the “hansenian open form”.

The act of “eating” is part of the ritual and ceremonial acts that have a great capacity for social transformation with a well-marked symbolic eff ectiveness. Th e history of nutrition cannot be seen as detached from the history of humanity, as they are identifi ed in the stages of their evolution. Factors that play an important role in this regard, infl uencing and sizing specifi c meanings and connotations, are the natural environment, climatic conditions, the socio-economic structure of communities, spiritual beliefs. Migration has been an acute phenomenon of the Romanian society in the last 30 years. If in the second half of the last century, during the communist period, the phenomenon of migration focused on moving the population from rural to urban areas, the liberalization of borders, entering EU structures, NATO, etc., facilitated and even encouraged, in a way or another, the migration of Romanians. Th e Romanian communities have grown signifi cantly, reaching a signifi cant place in the population of migrating countries, and even a representative minority in certain European states (Italy, Spain, Great Britain, etc.). Statistically speaking, Greece does not have a concrete record of the Romanian community, the last census dating from 2007 and the one from the end of 2021 not being centralized yet. In Greece, based on the information provided by the Romanian associations, there are a number of approximately 80,000 — 100,000 Romanians from several areas of Romania, mainly from Moldova, Bucovina and Maramureș, most of them living in Athens and a smaller part on the islands. Th is paper presents a case study, conducted within the Romanian community in Greece, having as main element traditional food. Starting from the idea that this community is part of the mobility diaspora, not being clearly defi ned for a period of time, we will notice, however, that the traditional food is an extremely important element in preserving the national identity. Th e Romanian communities, be they historical or mobility, follow an authentic Romanian social pattern, with few foreign influences, determined by several factors.

LITERATURE AS A FORM OF RESISTANCE DURING COMMUNISM - ROMULUS RUSAN'S SHORT PROSE AS A IRONICAL AND PARODIC FORM OF SOCIAL CRITICISM. CASE STUDY - A WAY OF STIMULATING THE INTEREST FOR LECTURE AND CONTEXTUALIZATION. The grade 12 study of the Romanian language and literature attempts the understanding of some literary and cultural periods through the succession and coexistence of twentieth century cultural currents. The post WWII period includes the study of literature during the communist period, opening the possibility of understanding both the pro-communism activist literature and the anti-totalitarian humanistic and cultural form of it as means of resistance. The option of studying the short prose of Romulus Rusan like "Time-Out" from "Provisory Causes" volume and "The Broom of Flowers" from "Dew and Frost" volume in parallel with other non-literary texts from 1980's official press using case studies method involves inter-disciplinary and trans-disciplinary activities that require the competences of contextualization of writings in their époque and the appropriate use of comprehensiveness and interpretation strategies. All these contribute to stimulating a creative and critical lecture.

Part 2 moves to six case studies of yoga teachers who are key figures in their common subculture. 6 practice case studies, each with a key theme: Case study 1: “The pristine body” Case study 2: The “microbial temple” Case study 3: The dance of “Śiva and Śakti” Case study 4: “Part of you and part of nature and everything” Case study 5: “Building nerves of steel” with building blocks of practice Case study 6: “One step in the world and one step in spirit”

: In this paper, we highlight some problems of literary translation in Albanian culture by examining the relationship between the source text and the translation context, as well as the influence of the cultural and ideo-political context on the phenomena of censorship and self-censorship during the translation process. As paradigms of these problems, we considered the Albanian translations of "Don Quixote" by Miguel de Cervantes (Part One); "Les Miserables" by Victor Hugo and "Love in the Time of Cholera" (translation and retranslation) by Gabriel García Márquez, which we view as typical examples of these flagrant shifts. Through the comparative approach of the works translated into Albanian with the source texts, as well as the translation and retranslation of the same work, but in different ideological and cultural periods (one in the period of communism and the other, the retranslation, in the period of democracy), we have identified concrete examples of deviations and deformations that the source text suffered during translation. We have analyzed the nature and reasons that led to these deviations or deformations of these translations, by giving our opinion for each case, as well. From the analysis, it turns out that the processes of censorship and self-censorship were enforced by two factors: the socio-cultural context, the horizon of the reader’s expectations of the time (the case of “Don Quixote”) and the ideo-political constraints (the cases of “Les Miserables” and “Love in the Times of Cholera”.)

Monstrous Subjectivity in P. O. Enquist’s Nedstörtad ängel 1985 Freja Rudels Introduction In the introduction to her book on the posthuman condition, the feminist philosopher Rosi Braidotti sketches the excluding, uncertain, and ever-changing outline of the “human”: Not all of us can say, with any degree of certainty, that we have always been human, or that we are only that. Some of us are not even considered fully human now, let alone at previous moments of Western social, political and scientific history. Not if by ‘human’ we mean that creature familiar to us from the Enlightenment and its legacy. (Braidotti 2013, 1) The problematic question of the human forms a background as well as an ethical incentive for post-humanist attempts to think beyond the confining contours of the human. It can also be discerned in the writings of the Swedish author Per Olov Enquist.1 With shifting intensity, the question of what a human being is recurs throughout his literary production, which by now stretches over more than half a century, including novels, dramas, essays, short stories, and children’s books. In his 1985 novel, Nedstörtad ängel (2005; Downfall: A Love Story 1990), the severity and complexity with which the question is brought to the fore gives it a particular sense of acuteness.2 In the novel, Enquist turns [End Page 308] to the monstrous in his exploration of the human. The reading that follows focuses on the critical and creative potential of this move by means of an analysis of one of the novel’s key figures—the two-headed monster Pasqual Pinon. Like most of Enquist’s characters, Pinon is a historical person caught and re-thought in the author’s imagination. The real life Pinon was a poor laborer who was recruited into a freak show where he became known as “The Two-Headed Mexican.” His second head was a fake, but it made him a tremendous attraction during tours around the United States in the beginning of the twentieth century (Bogdan 1990, 84–5). In Nedstörtad ängel, Enquist narrates a rather self-willed version of Pinon’s life where his second head is described as a person of its own, a woman called Maria. The aim of this paper is to shed light on the depiction of Pasqual and Maria and the role they have in the novel’s struggle with the problem of what is, and what should be, thought of as human. In terms of theory, I will be drawing on feminist posthumanism and its strategy of rethinking subjectivity through the use of so-called “figurations,” combined with the theorization of monstrosity developed in teratology. More closely, I strive to visualize the figuration of subjectivity that can be discerned in the monstrous corporeality of Pasqual and Maria—thus undermining a view of subjectivity based on an excluding demand for sameness, and providing an alternative vision of the subject. In extension, this case study is an attempt to shed light on Enquist’s intricate use of the category of character and its ethical implications.3 Enquist’s relationship to postmodernism and its undercurrents is complex. This is shown, for example, by Susan Brantly in her article on postmodernism in those novels by Enquist that deal with the Enlightenment (Brantly 2007, 319–42). In my reading, I do not wish to bury this complexity under the label of post-humanism. I use posthumanism as an analytical tool, not as a label. However, I agree with Brantly when she emphasizes Enquist’s critical eye for the workings of [End Page 309] power as one of his most postmodern characteristics (Brantly 2007, 339). Post-humanism, in a feminist version, consequently provides me with the means to grasp the multifaceted interconnections between subjectivity and power depicted in the novel. Before I enter any deeper into these theories and into the questions I try to tackle through them, I shall give a brief introduction to Nedstörtad ängel and to some previous critics’ interpretations of the role and meaning of Pasqual and Maria. Nedstörtad ängel is the shortest and most fragmentary and poetic of Enquist’s novels. A first-person narrator forms...

International Relations scholars tend to focus their attention on agents with institutional sources of power, such as presidents. Yet, decades of scholarship in other fields has shown that ordinary individuals–traders, missionaries, and soldiers–often have the ability to shape international cooperation and conflict. Under what conditions do individuals distant from institutional power shape international politics? I argue that intermediaries — key figures who broker deals between parties — are crucial for cooperation when information is low and contact between the parties is sparse. To demonstrate the argument that intermediaries matter, I investigate alliances between the US and its non-state allies — non-state political communities abroad and in North America — between 1776 and 1945. In each case, there are intermediaries who are uniquely suited to broker cooperation by identifying partners for cooperation, explaining others’ interests, providing reassurances, and managing identity issues. These intermediaries are often those who we tend to think of as unimportant political agents. However, because they fill key information roles, they have unexpected sources of political power. Using four case studies, I test to see whether intermediaries’ performance of these roles matters in a diverse range of cases.

The malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum has two nucleosome assembly proteins, PfNapS and PfNapL (Chandra, B. R., Olivieri, A., Silvestrini, F., Alano, P., and Sharma, A. (2005) Mol. Biochem. Parasitol. 142, 237-247). We show that both PfNapS and PfNapL interact with histone oligomers but only PfNapS is able to deposit histones onto DNA. This property of PfNapS is divalent cation-dependent and ATP-independent. Deletion of the terminal subdomains of PfNapS abolishes its nucleosome assembly capabilities, but the truncated protein retains its ability to bind histones. Both PfNapS and PfNapL show binding to the linker histone H1 suggesting their probable role in extraction of H1 from chromatin fibers. Our data suggests distinct sites of interaction for H1 versus H3/H4 on PfNapS. We show that PfNapS and PfNapL are phosphorylated both in vivo and in vitro by casein kinase-II, and this modification is specifically inhibited by heparin. Circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and chymotrypsin fingerprinting data together suggest that PfNapL may undergo very small and subtle structural changes upon phosphorylation. Specifically, phosphorylation of PfNapL increases its affinity 3-fold for core histones H3, H4, and for the linker histone H1. Finally, we demonstrate that PfNapS is able to extract histones from both phosphorylated and unphosphorylated PfNapL, potentially for histone deposition onto DNA. Based on these results, we suggest that the P. falciparum NapL is involved in the nucleocytoplasmic relay of histones, whereas PfNapS is likely to be an integral part of the chromatin assembly motors in the parasite nucleus.

Software product-lines view systems as compositions of features. Each component corresponds to an individual feature, and a composition of features yields a product. Feature-oriented verification must be able to analyze individual features and to compose the results into results on products. Since features interact through shared data, verifying individual features entails open system verification concerns. To verify temporal properties, features must be open to both propositional and temporal information from the remainder of the composed product. This paper addresses both forms of openness through a two-phase technique. The first phase analyzes individual features and generates sufficient constraints for property preservation. The second phase discharges the constraints upon composition of features into a product. We present the technique as well as the results of a case study on an email protocol suite.

390 SEER, 85, 2, 2007 The final chapter, by Wegren, O'Brien and Patsiorkovski,studies household responsesto reform in three Russian regions (Belgorod,Novgorod, and Chuvashia). It is based on a survey carried out in these regions in 200I. It begins by noting important differences between agriculturalpolicy in the El'tsin period and that in the Putin period. The chapter has two main policy conclusions. First, central policies are increasinglyunable to take account of the diversityof Russia'scountryside.Secondly, the 'social climate' of a region may be crucial in determining the responses of households. This chapter is marred by poor proof-reading.Khrushchev did not (p. I90) create machine tractor stations (he abolished them and transferredtheir machinery to the farmsthemselves).Nor (p. I93) are Kalmykiaand Udmurtiia in the Far East. This useful book will be valuable for all those concerned with agricultural reforms,transitioneconomies, the reaction of the ruralpopulation to policies announced in the capital, and developments in Russia and Ukraine in the post-Soviet period. It discovers new facts and places them in appropriate historical and theoretical contexts. It also demonstrates the importance of fieldwork in studying what is actually happening in post-Soviet agriculture and rural society. School ofEconomics MICHAEL ELLMAN Amsterdam University Cellarius, Barbara A. In the Land of Orpheus: Rural Livelihoods and Nature Conservation in PostsocialistBulgaria. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 2005. xi + 33I pp. Maps. Illustrations.Figures. Tables. Notes. Bibliography.Index. ?45.??. ENVIRONMENTAL problems in former Communist countries are now widely documented and it is also well-understood that as participants in the EU accessionprocessmany post-socialiststatesare restructuringtheirmanufacturing in line with much more demanding standards.What is not so clear is the struggle for survival by rural communities in the context of market forces combined with biodiversityconservationthat is also central to the European agenda. This excellent case study deals mainly with the Rhodope village of Zaburdo and uses ancient Greek mythology to provide a context through the Thracian musician Orpheus who gave up human company in order to explore the region in depth and exert an influence powerful enough to tame the forcesof nature.The challenge to today'sruralinhabitantslies in reconciling economic and ecological realitiesso as to live comfortablywhile maintaining biodiversity;given that conservationfundingdoes not necessarilysubsidize ruralcommunities constrainedby restricteddevelopment options. Through a clear and lucid text supportedby five figures,ten tables, twenty photographs and a bibliographyof some 350 items, the authorprovidesa historicalreview of both village communities and conservation advocates to see how the everyday needs of country people can be reconciled with the wider concerns about biodiversity conservation. With a focus on environmental NGOs as an institutional mechanism bringing global conservation issues to the grass REVIEWS 391 roots, the author succeeds in providing important micro-level insights into post-socialist conditions based on long-term fieldwork. Three chapters deal with the NGOs. A historical review shows they date back to the late nineteenth century, playing a part in the creation of Bulgaria's first protected areas and the passage of a nature protection law. However, organized environment action was difficult in the Communist period and attempts to form independent organizations were short-lived; although some of today's groups have their foundations in the I970S and I98os. Now it seems there is a danger in becoming associated with party politics and leaders of NGOs are often at pains to emphasize their non-political/non-partisan nature. At the same time there is only limited scope for participation in decision-making, while competition to access limited funding leads to secrecy over each group's precise activities. Another whole chapter is devoted to conserving Rhodope's natural heritage, while a third studies 'a civil Balkan village' with a story of collective action to show how the formation of a caving club during the Communist period in the village of Trigrad, close to the famous 'Devil's Throat', contributed to the organizational life of this unusually 'civil' village as the club became a tour operator in its own right. This discourse is balanced by three more chapters on the community, beginning with 'landscape community and economic history in the Central Rhodope' to introduce the nucleated settlement of Zaburdo set at some I2som among potato fields and hay...