Revisiting the Conflict-Resolving Problem from a Semantic Perspective

歷史上使役動詞的虛化演變相當頻繁多元，曾發展出致使、被動、假設和縱予四種用法。本文將根據此類動詞的歷史發展綜合探討虛化現象，並分別從句法、語義和語用三層面切入。觀察顯示，這三個層面所能掌握到的虛化特性各不相同：句法層面有利於掌握虛化的條件，語義層面有利於掌握虛化的方向，而語用層面則有利於掌握虛化後的發展。本文將根據使役動詞的多重虛化提出多項證據支持上述主張，爲求論述周延，文中亦涉及其他相關句式的發展或特性，包括連動結構、致使義處置式等。

Interoperability among actors, sensors, and heterogeneous systems is a crucial factor for realizing the Industry 4.0 vision, i.e., the creation of Smart Factories by enabling intelligent human-to-machine and machine-to-machine cooperation. In order to empower interoperability in Smart Factories, standards and reference architectures have been proposed. Standards allow for the description of components, systems, and processes, as well as interactions among them. Reference architectures classify, align, and integrate industrial standards according to their purposes and features. Industrial communities in Europe, the United States, and Asia have proposed various reference architectures. However, interoperability among analogous standards in these reference architectures is hampered due to different granularity representation of similar processes or production parts. In this paper, we survey the landscape of Industry 4.0 standards from a semantic perspective. To tackle the problem of interoperability between standards, we developed STO, an ontology for describing standards and their relations. Characteristics of I4.0 standards are described using STO, and these descriptions are exploited for classifying standards from different perspectives according to the reference architectures. Moreover, the semantics encoded in STO allows for the discovery of relations between I4.0 standards, and for mappings across reference architectures proposed by different industrial communities.

Analepses with topic-drop are frequent structures in German interaction. While hitherto the focus on analepses was a rather syntactic one, this paper deals with analeptic structures from a semantic perspective. It particularly concentrates on the semantic relations between the referents of the analepses and the prior interactional context. This analysis shows that even for rather simple analepses which just omit a constituent from the prior utterance, conceptual processes are more decisive for its interpretation than syntactic features of the antecedent constituents. This is even more the case for complex analepses that are only indirectly linked to the prior context, and for the interpretation of which hearers need to draw inferences. The paper argues that theoretical approaches like Conversation Analysis and Interactional Linguistics can profit from adopting a semantic and conceptual perspective for the interpretation of interactional structures.

: In repertory Arabic, the term usually translated education with some vocabulary words, including “tarbiyah”, study groups, “tadris”, “ta'dib”, and “tahdib”. The vocabulary of popular and commonly used to express terms of education. And the fifth is the vocabulary of the most popular and most widely used is “al-tarbiyah” word. Semantic approach is commonly used to study more about this problem. This problem is studied from the aspect of language, how the term is used in a variety of lexical dictionary, and then how it is used in a variety of contexts in the Al-Qur'an. In the end result of the nature of meaning and pronunciation led to the concept of education in Islam. Based on the analysis and discussion of the meaning of the word “al-tarbiyah” with its derivation, it is concluded that “al-tarbiyah” is the process of development, maintenance, preservation, management, delivery of science, giving instructions, guidance, improvement, and sense of belonging for students both body, mind, soul, talent, potential, sense, on an ongoing basis, gradually, loving, caring, gentleness, good, wise, easily tolerated, thus forming the perfection of human nature, pleasure, glory, and live independently to achieve the pleasure of Allah SWT. The implications of the study results is that any interpretation of “al-tarbiyah”, it should be explained by the semantic approach and perspective. KEY WORDS : Al-tarbiyah, semantic perspective, Al-Qur’an, teaching and learning process, and implication in Islamic education. About the Author: Dr. H. Dedeng Rosidin is a Lecturer at the Department of Arabic Language Education, Faculty of Arts and Language Education UPI (Indonesia University of Education), Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No.229 Bandung 40154, West Java, Indonesia. He can be reached at: anti.bandang@gmail.com How to cite this article? Rosidin, Dedeng. (2011). “ Al-Tarbiyah Meaning in Al-Qur’an and its Implication in Learning and Commentary Education Major in Arabic FPBS UPI” in EDUCARE: International Journal for Educational Studies , Vol.4(1) August, pp.27-40. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press owned by ASPENSI in Bandung, West Java; and FKIP UMP in Purwokerto, Central Java, ISSN 1979-7877. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (June 10, 2011); Revised (July 26, 2011); and Published (August 17, 2011).

Farley discusses both semantic and syntactic perspectives on Spanish mood. First, he presents the potential effects of assertion, presupposition, and other similar notions on mood selection in Spanish, synthesizing semantic analyses by Bolinger, Terrell, Hooper, Klein, and Bell Farley then argues that a semantic perspective is insufficient to fully account for the behavior of indicatives and subjunctives, and he presents Spanish mood from a Principles and Parameters perspective on Universal Grammar. Specifically, he addresses the issue of binding domains, the movement ofoperators, and the Empty Category Principle as it relates to the behavior of indicatives and subjunctives in null subject languages.

As a classic representative of world fairy tale literature, the semantic study of Grimm's Fairy Tales has always been one of the important topics in the field of fairy tale research. As one of the most frequent classic characterizations in fairy tales, the semantic complexity of the concept of "beauty" in the text is usually overlooked. This study tries to analyze the Grimm's fairy tale Snow White and the Disney adaptation film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs as the main textual sample of this study. Disney diminished the historical and original cultural elements. Instead, it amplified visual images and commercial value to enhance its intellectual property's spread, acceptance, and influence. This study takes a semantic perspective, uses sense analysis and semantic field theory to deconstruct the multilayered meanings of the word "beauty". Discovering what connotations Disney's adaptations of characters changed and how Disney achieves its global commercial goals and cultural globalization.

There is a special category in adjectives, which is named as measure adjective. It is used to describe linear dimensions of physical objects in space, and to state the age of something physical. Measure adjectives share the general characteristics with other types of adjectives, but also have their unique characteristics. Most importantly, these words have peculiar distributions, and different usage frequencies, etc. In this study, from the perspective of semantics, the semantic features of measure adjectives will be analyzed, so the inherent reasons will be revealed why the distributions are peculiar and usage frequencies are different.

Existing data clustering method lacks considering of latent similar information existing among words,and it leads to unsatisfactory clustering result.Aiming at Chinese short message text clustering,this paper proposes a clustering algorithm based on semantic.It offers Chinese concept,and the measuring methods to calculate the similarity degree about words and Chinese short message text.It completes the clustering of Chinese short messages text through fission downwards and mergence of twos upwards.Experimental results show that this algorithm has better clustering quality than traditional algorithm. Text clustering is an un-supervising machinery learning. By analyzing the text content, the text shall be divided into many meaningful classifications, in which the similarity of the same classification shall become as high as possible, and the similarity of the different classification shall become as low as possible. Now, the common text clustering algorithms are mainly hierarchical clustering method represented by G-HAC algorithm and flat division method represented by K-means algorithm. There are many achievements on text clustering at home and abroad. For example, text clustering algorithm based on semantic filtering model in literature(1); text clustering algorithm based on fuzzy concepts in literature(2); text clustering algorithm based on swarming intelligence Web in literature(3); text clustering algorithm based on semantic inner space in literature(4); achieving a high efficient text clustering algorithm by the chain fission downward and the two-two merging upward, based on the up-down relationship of primitive, constructing a primitive concept tree in literature(2) and so on. In literature(6) based on HowNet model, the author put forward a similarity calculation algorithm, but this algorithm only can apply to the similarity calculation between words and concepts and does not provide the text similarity calculation analysis. This article analyzes the text from the perspective of semantics, making semantic disambiguation firstly(7), expressing the texts as a keyword set, calculating the similarity of words with the similarity of non-weak primitives, and calculating the similarity of texts with the similarity of words. This algorithm analyzes the similarity among texts from the perspective of semantics, so the results better fit for people's institution.

This research is entitled (polysemy) of the verbs (eating, catching) in Kurdish from the perspective of cognitive semantics), as an attempt to analyze and present the different meanings of each verb (eating, catching) from the perspective of cognitive semantics The phenomenon of polysemy at work in such a way that frames can create different semantic networks according to the experience of the speaker and listener, that is, different meanings can be created by activating each frame. In this perspective, each of the verbs (eating, catching) create a semantic network, so that according to the data presented in the study, the word (eating) represents (8) different meanings and (catching) (13) different meanings in Kurdish.

This research is entitled (polysemy) of the verbs (eating, catching) in Kurdish from the perspective of cognitive semantics), as an attempt to analyze and present the different meanings of each verb (eating, catching) from the perspective of cognitive semantics The phenomenon of polysemy at work in such a way that frames can create different semantic networks according to the experience of the speaker and listener, that is, different meanings can be created by activating each frame. In this perspective, each of the verbs (eating, catching) create a semantic network, so that according to the data presented in the study, the word (eating) represents (8) different meanings and (catching) (13) different meanings in Kurdish.

Reviewed by: Events as grammatical objects: The converging perspectives of lexical semantics and syntax ed. by Carol Tenny, James Pustejovsky Kleanthes K. Grohmann Events as grammatical objects: The converging perspectives of lexical semantics and syntax. Ed. by Carol Tenny and James Pustejovsky. (CSLI lecture notes 100.) Stanford: CSLI Publications, 2000. Pp. x, 510. $64.95. This volume grew out of a 1997 LSA Linguistic Institute workshop which, as envisioned by the organizers/editors, was intended to bring together research by lexical semanticists, logical semanticists, and syntacticians. The common theme of the gathering builds on the converging view in the field that ‘the grammars of natural languages structure and refer to events in particular ways’ (ix). The first of four thematically organized parts of the book, ‘Morphosemantic composition of event structure’, kicks off with the introductory chapter to this volume by the editors. In ‘A history of events in linguistic theory’ (3–37), Carol Tenny and James Pustejovsky offer a solid background and present a neat overview of the issues at hand, (intended to be) comprehensible enough even for nonspecialists. In ‘The quantization puzzle’ (39–96), Hana Filip supports the common assumption that Slavic perfective verb forms are semantically quantized but rejects an analysis of prefixes as perfectivity markers. ‘On lexical verb meaning: Evidence from Salish’ (97–142) by Henry Davis and Hamida Demirdache provides evidence supporting the view that languages may differ at the level of morphosyntax, but not lexical semantic structure, and discusses some consequences for a theory of the lexicon. ‘How phrase structure encodes events’ is the subject of the second part. In ‘Event structure in syntax’ (145–85), Lisa Travis argues for a syntactic side to the substructure of events in terms of an articulated VP-structure. In ‘Event structure and ergativity’ [End Page 671] (187–238), Elizabeth Ritter and Sarah Rosen also defend a syntactic view of event, though on a structurally higher level through an articulated agreement system. Angeliek van Hout, in ‘Event semantics in the lexicon-syntax interface: Verb frame alternations in Dutch and their acquisition’ (239–82), suggests that argument structure alternations are expressions of different event structures, offers a fitting syntactic theory, and provides some thoughts on the acquisition. Part 3 is entitled ‘Event structure and the syntax and semantics of adverbs’. In ‘Core events and adverbial modification’ (285–334), Carol Tenny investigates theoretical and empirical aspects of adverbs that allow further study of the syntax-semantics interface. In ‘Manners and events’ (335–58), Thomas Ernst also considers adverbs. He proposes an analysis of adverbial manner modification in an event-based framework. June Wickboldt, in ‘Some effects of manner adverbials on meaning’ (359–74), points out temporal vs. causal relations, structural diagnostics for these, telicity, and the role of contrastive stress. The final part, ‘On event and state arguments’, contains five papers. Alice ter Meulen looks at ‘How to tell events apart’ and, by concentrating on the subtitle, ‘Light verbs, SE-reflexives and Dutch verbal morphology’ (377–91), addresses how arguments of a verbal predicate affect temporal coreference. Graham Katz, a proponent of ‘Anti Neo-Davidsonianism’, argues ‘Against a Davidsonian semantics for state sentences’ (393–416) with underlying states in the logical form. Liina Pylkkänen, in ‘On stativity and causation’ (417–44), providing evidence from Finnish, argues that stativity is compatible with causative semantics. In ‘Events and the semantics of opposition’ (445–82), James Pustejovsky motivates a richer notion of event structure (based on data that mostly involve contradictions of change), namely ‘event persistence structure’. Barbara Partee concludes the volume with ‘Some remarks on linguistic uses of the notion of “Event”’ (483–95). While it is a shame to read about the caliber of those workshop attendants who couldn’t contribute their papers, the collection here is of very high quality, making the book a wonderful companion on the syntax and semantics of events and beyond. Kleanthes K. Grohmann University of Cologne Copyright © 2003 Linguistic Society of America

The construction of home feeling by Airbnb guests in the sharing economy: A semantics perspective

Traditional yankunytjatjara ways of speaking ‐ a semantic perspective

(1988). The grammatical coding of the terminal viewpoint of situations in Ewe: A semantic perspective. Australian Journal of Linguistics: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 185-217.

In this paper, we employ the centering theory in pronoun resolution from the semantic perspective. First, diverse semantic role features with regard to different predicates in a sentence are explored. Moreover, given a pronominal anaphor, its relative ranking among all the pronouns in a sentence, according to relevant semantic role information and its surface position, is incorporated. In particular, the use of both the semantic role features and the relative pronominal ranking feature in pronoun resolution is guided by extending the centering theory from the grammatical level to the semantic level in tracking the local discourse focus. Finally, detailed pronominal subcategory features are incorporated to enhance the discriminative power of both the semantic role features and the relative pronominal ranking feature. Experimental results on the ACE 2003 corpus show that the centering-motivated features contribute much to pronoun resolution.