Revisiting Indonesia’s Zakat Law: Legal Analysis of Marine Product Zakat and Reform Proposals

Coastal and marine resources are very important for the sustainable livelihood. It must be managed to be sustainable and integrated optimally. Marine tourism is one of the coastal and marine services, which consists of many resources, like coral reef ecosystem, fishing and others. Marine tourism is main tourism attractions in Bali, which is potential to become one of the world class marine tourism and ecotourism destinations. This research method uses Lyzenga method for coral reefs management data by the remote sensing which are Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat 8 OLI. The remote sensing processed to get the result in shapefile form data. Based on method of analysis, the result from this research survey conducted by CTC with the Department of Animal Husbandry, Fishery and Marine (DPPK) Nusa Penida, Klungkung regency was obtained at depth of 3 and 10 meters. Around16 percent is living coral reef. Nusa Penida area ranges from 70% to 75% consisting of soft coral reef in average of 29.8%, and hard coral reef in average of 40.3%. The percentage of results at Mengiat Beach showed 66% of bleaching coral, 2% at the most, 11% normal, 2% overgrowth algae, and dead coral by 19%. The tourism sector in Nusa Dua, Bali can be determined from the value of total local travelers and total economic benefit of tourism location (TB). It shows that the tourism activity as a sector that gives financial income, but giving attention to physical environment is also needed as a balance for the environment and economic value in Nusa Dua and Nusa Penida, Bali.

Rehabilitation of mangrove forests is very important to maintain ecosystem stability and increase the productivity of mangrove forests. The success of mangrove forest rehabilitation can be seen by the density of mangrove vegetation and the increase in mangrove crabs. Mangrove crab is the main commodity for farming communities because in addition to playing an important role in the mangrove ecosystem, it also has high economic value so it needs to be developed to increase people's income. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the density of mangrove vegetation and crab density in different planting years and the effect of mangrove habitat characteristics on crab density. The research was conducted in three different planting years, namely 2003, 2005, and 2006. Each planting year consisted of a front zone, a middle zone and a back zone. In each zone a measuring plot with a size of 5 m x 5 m was made to collect data on vegetation density, temperature, mud thickness, salinity, acidity, and dissolved oxygen (DO). Then in the 5 m x 5 m plot, a 1 m x 1 m plot was made to collect data on the number of crabs. Data analysis used regression equation and ANOVA difference test. The results showed that the highest vegetation density was in the back zone of the 2006 planting year with a density of 2160 individuals/ha, while the highest density of crabs was in the 2005 planting year with a density of 12111.11 individuals/ha. Regression analysis showed the effect of temperature, mud thickness and salinity variables on crab density with the equation Y = 3.447 - 0.044X1 - 0.009X2 - 0.230X3 with R = 0.809. In the different ANOVA test, only the thickness of the mud had a significant difference at three years of planting (0.00 < 0.05).

Malang Rapat Village, located in Bintan Regency, Riau Islands, is rich in marine resources and holds significant potential for the development of a blue economy. With its extensive coastline and diverse marine ecosystems, the village offers opportunities for fisheries, sustainable marine tourism, and the creation of products derived from marine resources. These opportunities could contribute to boosting local income and generating employment in the community. However, challenges arise from unregulated fishing practices that threaten marine ecosystems, rising sea levels, and shifting weather patterns that jeopardize coastal areas and maritime infrastructure. Additionally, limited human resources in the marine sector and inadequate infrastructure hinder the growth of this industry. Despite these obstacles, the blue economy presents an avenue for environmental sustainability and marine tourism development. By embracing the blue economy, Malang Rapat Village has the potential to enhance its local economy. This research utilizes a descriptive qualitative approach and SWOT analysis to explore the role of marine resources, sustainable fisheries, marine tourism, and human capital in increasing community income and supporting the blue economy initiative as a driver of sustainable development, welfare, and environmental stewardship in Malang Rapat Village, Bintan Regency.

This article examines the management of marine tourism in Lanjukang Island, a tourist destination located in the Spermonde Islands, Makassar City, South Sulawesi, with a focus on the role of maritime diplomacy in increasing tourism potential while preserving marine resources. This research uses a qualitative approach with literature study methods and interviews with relevant parties, such as local governments and local communities. Lanjukang Island, with its beautiful underwater nature and beaches, faces challenges in the form of coral reef damage due to destructive fishing practices and coastal abrasion processes. Nevertheless, Lanjukang Island remains an attractive tourist destination for domestic and foreign tourists. The Makassar City Government plays an active role in promoting marine tourism through international collaboration, one of which is through the Makassar International Eight Festival and Forum (F8) event. Maritime diplomacy, which emphasizes international cooperation in marine resource management and tourism, plays a key role in facilitating sustainable tourism development on Lanjukang Island. The research found that while there is great potential in the marine tourism sector, more integrated and sustainable management is needed to support the local economy and the preservation of the marine environment. Collaboration between government, community and international partners is essential to achieve a balance between tourism development and nature conservation.

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata), is one of the fishery commodities that has high economic value. This is because it tastes good and has high protein, around 52%. Mangrove crab cultivation is a cultivation technology that requires a relatively short time, which is around 15-30 days of maintenance with a low mortality rate of around (10 - 20). Diseases in mangrove crabs can be caused by fungi and bacteria. One of the obstacles in mangrove crab fattening activities is the occurrence of death during the maintenance process caused by bacterial disease attacks, so efforts are needed to prevent disease. Therefore, research is needed to determine the Identification and Prevalence of Pathogenic Bacteria (Vibrio sp.) In Mangrove Crabs in the City. This research was conducted in November 2023. Sampling was carried out when the crabs were molting based on the results of the study of mangrove crabs in Meuraxsa District, namely Vibrio sp. bacteria. The highest prevalence value of vibrio sp bacteria is isolate code A and C in Muraxsa District, Banda Aceh City, at 40% with the normal/moderate infection category. Water quality parameters at the cultivation location are still within the optimal range for cultivation.Keywords: Bacteria; Mangrove crabs; Identification; pathogenic; Prevalence

Sri Lanka is concentrating on growing its blue economy, which entails the sustainable use of marine resources to enhance economic advancement, livelihoods, and job opportunities while safeguarding the ocean ecosystem. The major data gathering approach for the qualitative research was key-person interviews, which were then processed using theme analysis. According to the report, the country's geographical location, marine and coastal tourist product diversification, and human resource availability are all potential growth opportunities. Limited infrastructure, lack of sectorial collaboration, and inadequate private sector involvement are some of the obstacles identified in expanding the marine and coastal tourism sector. Public-private partnerships, industry infrastructure development, sectorial collaboration and port development are possible solutions to these challenges. Sri Lanka has a lot of potential for underwater and coastal tourism. The blue economy can significantly contribute to the country's economic growth if it implements the right strategies. Future investments in marine and coastal tourism can be influenced by the findings of this study.

Mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) is one of the fishery commodities that has high economic value. In Indonesia, crab cultivation has been widely developed, it can be seen from the cultivation media used, namely using vertical crab houses (apartments) with the RAS system. However, the problem in the mangrove crab cultivation system lies in the feed, the lack of nutrients in the feed results in non-optimal crab growth so that it is less attractive to consumers and causes its economic value to decline. Therefore, alternative feed is needed in the form of feed pellets that are in accordance with the nutritional needs of mangrove crabs and the addition of feed raw materials in the form of mulberry leaf flour in feed that can stimulate the growth of mangrove crabs. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimal dose of mulberry leaf flour for mangrove crab feed in stimulating growth. This study used an experimental method conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments and 3 replicates. Treatments in this study include: A (Control), B (7.5%), C (15%), D (22.5%) and E (30%). The results showed that the administration of mulberry leaf flour with different doses in mangrove crab feed had a real effect (P<0.05) on the growth of absolute weight (W), absolute length (P), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed utilization efficiency (EPP) and had no real effect (P>0.05) on the Survival Rate (SR). Treatment C (15%) is the best dose of mulberry leaf flour that can support the growth and survival of mangrove crabs. the highest values were W (14.6±2.6 d), P (0.6±0.3 b), SGR (0.34±0.06 s), FCR (18.39±3.50 a) and EPP (48.51±2.80 c).

Tomini Bay is famous for its natural beauty under the sea, and seems to be a paradise for divers. Apart from the beautiful coral reefs, various types of fish also live here. Bone Bolango Regency is one of the areas located in and has a very rich potential for underwater biodiversity. Kabila Bone District has 9 villages, all directly facing Tomini Bay in the southern part, where it is known that Tomini Bay has biodiversity and natural beauty, especially in the marine sector. Therefore, Olele village is a village with very potential marine tourism, especially to revive the community's economy. The purpose of this Community Service Community Service is to empower the people of Olele Village in mapping the potential for marine tourism in the village as well as developing marine tourism applications that can be used by the wider community which is expected to strengthen the maritime sector.Tomini Bay is famous for its natural beauty under the sea, and seems to be a paradise for divers. Apart from the beautiful coral reefs, various types of fish also live here. Bone Bolango Regency is one of the areas located in and has a very rich potential for underwater biodiversity. Kabila Bone District has 9 villages, all directly facing Tomini Bay in the southern part, where it is known that Tomini Bay has biodiversity and natural beauty, especially in the marine sector. Therefore, Olele village is a village with very potential marine tourism, especially to revive the community's economy. The purpose of this Community Service Community Service is to empower the people of Olele Village in mapping the potential for marine tourism in the village as well as developing marine tourism applications that can be used by the wider community which is expected to strengthen the maritime sector.

Abstract. Khotimah A, Rokhmani, Edy Riwidiharso. 2018. Prevalence and abundance of Vorticella sp. on mangrove crab (Scylla serrata) landed at Sleko Fish Auction Place, Cilacap District, Central Java. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 4: 87-91. Vorticella sp. are ectoparasites that attack aquatic organisms, such as fish, shrimp, and crabs. Vorticella sp. causing decreased appetite, movement disorders, larval molting process, stress and even death on the host. Deaths from Vorticella sp. can cause the decline of mangrove crab population in water. One of the potential marine waters in Indonesia is Cilacap waters area. Cilacap waters area there are mangrove ecosystems Segara Anakan which is a shelter and source of feed for aquatic organisms, including mangrove crabs. Mud crab (Scylla serrata) has high economic value, both in domestic market and international market. Mangrove crab is one of fishery commodities that live in coastal waters, especially in mangrove forests (mangroves). This study aims to determine the prevalence of crabs infected with Vorticella sp. as well as the abundance of Vorticella sp. on mangrove crabs, landed on the Sleko Fish Auction Place (TPI). The research method used is a survey method with purposive sampling technique. Samples were taken as much as 10% of the number of mangrove crabs that are landing on the TPI Sleko.Results of research conducted on carapace, gill, foot, foot, and claws. The prevalence of mangrove crabs is categorized frequently, while the abundance of Vorticella sp. including in very rare categories.

PurposeThis study critically examines the transformative impact of the “North Sea TikTok” phenomenon on the marine tourism sector, emphasizing the role of employee training in fostering resilience and adaptability within marine economics and integrated marine systems. It delves into how viral social media trends influence marine tourism destinations, particularly the North Sea, affecting local economies, marine resource management and tourism strategies. By analyzing this trend, the paper seeks to uncover how marine tourism destinations can effectively respond to the challenges and opportunities presented by digital media-driven tourism.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a multidisciplinary framework that merges insights from digital marketing, risk perception in tourism and human resource management, this paper provides a comprehensive qualitative analysis of the “North Sea TikTok” trend. Through a meticulous content analysis of viral videos and an examination of user engagement metrics, alongside a thorough review of contemporary literature in marine tourism and sustainability, the study unpacks the far-reaching implications of social media on marine tourism ecosystems.FindingsThe analysis reveals that the “North Sea TikTok” trend has markedly altered public perceptions of the North Sea, catalyzing a shift toward adventure and risk-taking tourism. This pivot promises economic rejuvenation for local tourism sectors and necessitates agile marine management strategies to accommodate the evolving demands. Implementing innovative employee training programs focusing on safety protocols, environmental conservation and digital engagement is central to managing these dynamics. The paper emphasizes integrating sustainable practices to ensure the equitable growth of marine tourism economies and environmental preservation.Originality/valueThis paper pioneers exploring the nexus between social media trends and their operational and strategic impacts on marine tourism management and economics. Synthesizing social media's viral dynamics with marine tourism development introduces groundbreaking insights into adapting marine tourism strategies in the digital age. It emphasizes the critical need for a skilled workforce capable of navigating the complexities of digital trend-driven tourism markets, proposing a novel model for employee training that aligns with the shifting paradigms of marine tourism engagement. This unique contribution advances academic discourse in marine economics and provides practical frameworks for stakeholders aiming to harness social media trends for sustainable tourism development.

Rethinking marine resource governance for the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals

This study aims at identifying the economic development that focused on marine products during the administration of Sultan Muhammad Syah II in Terengganu from 1918-1920. During this period, the state of Terengganu showed an auspicious economic development of seafood. The sea product economy includes dried fish, anchovies, budu, belacan, and pickled fish. Qualitative research methods are used based on primary sources such as annual reports, telegrams, correspondence, memoranda, and official reports obtained from the Terengganu Government Secretary's Office, the Terengganu Badariah Palace Office, the Land and Mines Commissioner's Office, and the British Colonial Office, which are analysed using a historical approach. Secondary sources are also used to strengthen the data and research findings, including books, journals, encyclopedias, and theses. The study's findings show the sea product economy to be the leading economy among the Malay community in Terengganu. Seafood products became an essential source of economic strength for the community and state of Terengganu during the administration of Sultan Muhammad Syah II from 1918-1920. This is because marine products are the main export commodity of Terengganu compared to other export commodities, based on the quantity and value of exports every year. The conclusion from the study explains that, although Sultan Muhammad Syah II ruled Terengganu for a period of fewer than two years, from November 26, 1918, to May 11, 1920, His Majesty Sultan Muhammad Syah II placed great importance on the economic development of the community in improving the standard of living and income of the community, most of whom were involved in the sea product economy. The export commodity of many marine products is to meet the needs of the local and foreign markets. Terengganu's Big Boat for trading activities also boosted the seafood economy in Terengganu. This proves that Terengganu is a state rich in marine resources, which have thereby become the highest export commodity product.

The marine zone tourism is growing attracting more tourists. Pramuka Island is marine conservation area enriched with marine biodiversity in coral reefs and other natural resources. To develop this potential tourist destination, a customer-based marketing program is required to attract domestic and foreign tourists. The main vision is to understand tourist preferences for marine tourism activities and facilities. A research was conducted on Pramuka Island as a well-known marine tourism zone. The objective was to determine the key tourist preferences for marine tourism destination. Research methods utilized Cochran Q test and Conjoint analysis where the primary data were obtained from tourist respondents. The result showed that there was a tourist preference based on the five attributes considered most important, namely tourism activities, tourist attractions, types of accommodation, food and souvenirs types. This study provided marine tourism destination management with useful guidance for broader implications of the implementation of marketing programs and tourism attraction. Moreover, the results of this study consolidated the learning of a variety of academic and industrial research papers in particular for the measurement of customer preferences towards marine tourism destination.

Asian moon scallops are one of the marine biological resource products that have the potential to be utilized optimally and in national and international trade and have high economic value. Kendal waters are one of the districts with significant Amusium pleuronectes resource potential to meet export needs in Indonesia, apart from the waters of Brebes, Tegal, Pemalang, Pekalongan, and Batang regencies. This research aims descriptively to explain the habitat characteristics of A. pleuronectes by connecting the condition of the relationship between body size and weight of A. pleuronectes and the parameters quality of the waters where the scallops are located, based on fishermen's fishing ground routes. A. pleuronectes was sampled using a fishing boat with a traditional arad net. The Global Positioning System (GPS) would be turned on when the arad net was finished being lifted, and the coordinates were recorded. The sampling stations were determined as 4 points, spread randomly (purposive sampling) along the route of fishermen catching A. pleuronectes. At the same time, water, sediment, and water parameter sampling was carried out. The samples were then taken to the laboratory for biometric measurements to determine the condition of the A. pleuronectes. Water samples were tested for chlorophyll-a and nitrate content, while sediment was tested for grain size and organic matter content. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis was conducted to determine the relationship between biometric parameters and water parameters. The results of this study showed that the scallops have a relationship between size and weight x<3, so they have negative allometry. These scallops have an average condition index of 51.12 and are in the medium category. In the preliminary survey, these scallops were dominated by the 4.1-5 cm size class. At stations 1-3, the size class 6.1-7 cm is dominated. A. pleuronectes were not found at station 4. These scallops showed a close relationship with salinity, depth, nitrate content, and silt substrate, with a higher content of coarse sand and clay as a substrate. There is little relation to organic matter, chlorophyll-a, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, gravel substrate, silt, and fine sand.

Developing a masterplan for a sustainable marine sector in a small islands region: Integrated MCE spatial analysis for decision making