Abstract
After several years collecting in the type-localities and studying representative samples of genus Steindachneridion Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1919 from Brazilian and foreign museums, a taxonomic revision of the Recent species of the genus is presented, including the description of a new species from the rio Iguaçu, above the great falls. Steindachneridion species are large sized fishes, reaching 1000 mm total length or more, and sharing some anatomical characters that, at least tentatively, support the monophyly of the genus. In addition to the general features found in the Pimelodidae, the species S. amblyurum (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1888), S. parahybae (Steindachner, 1877), S. doceanum (Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1889), S. scriptum (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918), S. punctatum (Miranda Ribeiro, 1918), and S. melanodermatum, new species, share the shape of the vomer tooth plates, six to eight branched rays in the dorsal-fin, and a low number of gill-rakers. All species, except fossil ones, are redescribed and a key for their identification is provided.
Highlights
The Neotropical pimelodid catfish genus Steindachneridion Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1919 has not been revised for almost a century
Type specimens of S. amblyurum, S. parahybae, and S. doceanum are deposited at MCZ, and those of S. scriptum at MNRJ and MZUSP, and S. punctatum at the MNRJ
Among the characters of external morphology mentioned by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1890) to establish the genus Steindachneridion, one of the most relevant is the arrangement of the villiform tooth plates
Summary
The Neotropical pimelodid catfish genus Steindachneridion Eigenmann & Eigenmann, 1919 has not been revised for almost a century. The reasons are probably related to the fact that species of the genus are naturally scarce and relatively hard to collect, which resulted in very small samples of Steindachneridion species available in ichthyological collections. This has prevented an adequate assessment of the diversity within the genus, or adequate examination of the relationships of Steindachneridion with other pimelodids, which remains unclear (de Pinna, 1998; Lundberg & Littmann, 2003, Lundberg & Akama, 2005). Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1888), studying a portion of the type material of Platystoma parahybae, described Steindachneridion amblyurum based solely on the specimens from rio Jequitinhonha and erected the genus Steindachneria, selecting S. amblyurum as type species. The generic name was preoccupied in fishes by Steindachneria Goode & Bean, 1888 and was posteriorly replaced by Steindachneridion by Eigenmann & Eigenmann (1919)
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