Abstract
A neotype specimen is designated for Chone acustica (Claparede, 1870) with a full description. The original descriptions of Chone arenicola Langerhans, 1880 and Chone collaris Langerhans, 1880, both from Madeira, did not include some details and incomplete or misleading information was provided, so both species are redescribed. Amendments to the description of Chone longiseta Giangrande, 1992 are also given together with the methyl green staining pattern of Chone usticensis Giangrande et al. 2006. Two new species are described: Chone gambiae sp. nov., from the Gulf of Naples and Chone dunerificta sp. nov., from the Gulf of Salerno. This study shows the distribution of Chone duneri Kroyer, 1856, and Chone filicaudata Southern, 1914, to be restricted to the Arctic seas and North Atlantic Ocean, respectively. Records from the Mediterranean Sea are found to be erroneous.
Highlights
Chone Krøyer, 1856, is a genus of sabellid polychaetes frequently found in soft-bottom marine sediments
Fitzhugh (1989) stated that some specimens, identified as Chone infundibuliformis, have dorsal lips with dorsal radiolar appendages, whereas other specimens lack them; he named them as Chone1 and Chone2, respectively
Analysis, Chone2 was basal to Chone1 and Euchone, which share dorsal radiolar appendages. This suggest that if the radiolar appendages have been lost in certain species of Chone, this character might be used to define the genus; exclusive of the apparent loss of the dorsal radiolar appendages in some species, Chone as a group is not defined by any apomorphy, but rather it is a combination of characters and their absences that characterises the group
Summary
Chone Krøyer, 1856, is a genus of sabellid polychaetes frequently found in soft-bottom marine sediments. Fitzhugh (1989) stated that some specimens, identified as Chone infundibuliformis, have dorsal lips with dorsal radiolar appendages (elongate and distally tapered), whereas other specimens lack them (low and broadly rounded); he named them as Chone and Chone, respectively. Analysis, Chone was basal to Chone and Euchone, which share dorsal radiolar appendages This suggest that if the radiolar appendages have been lost in certain species of Chone, this character might be used to define the genus; exclusive of the apparent loss of the dorsal radiolar appendages in some species, Chone as a group is not defined by any apomorphy, but rather it is a combination of characters and their absences that characterises the group. A phylogenetic analysis is strong enough to reveal in detail the groupings between the taxa currently referred to Chone
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