Abstract
Low emission logistics have become an expected and desired goal in all fields of transportation, particularly in the European Union. Heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) are significant producers of emissions and pollution in inland transports. Their role is significant, as in multimodal transport chains truck transportation is, in most cases, the only viable solution to connect hinterlands with ports. Diesel engines are the main power source of trucks and their emission efficiency is the key challenge in environmentally sound freight transportation. This review paper addresses the academic literature focusing on truck emissions. The paper relies on the preliminary hypothesis that simple single solutions are nonexistent and that there will be a collection of suggestions and solutions for improving the emission efficiency in trucks. The paper focuses on the technical properties, emission types, and fuel solutions used in freight logistics. Truck manufacturing, maintenance, and other indirect emissions like construction of road infrastructure have been excluded from this review.
Highlights
Global pressures to decrease airborne emissions in all industrial operations are increasing
Heavy-duty trucks (HDTs) are used in long distance hinterland transportation and, respectively, light-duty trucks (LDTs) are dominant in intra-urban transports, as they are used for the last-mile customer door-to-door deliveries
According to Mahesh et al [1] diesel trucks contribute significantly to the total volume of traffic emissions. This leads to a deterioration of urban air quality, and several emission studies have tried to measure the actual airborne emissions from trucks
Summary
Global pressures to decrease airborne emissions in all industrial operations are increasing. Road freight transport produces increasing volumes of pollutants and emissions (e.g., dioxides; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH); and particulate matter (PM0.5 and PM2.5)) All of these pollutants (separately and together) have severe health impacts especially in inner cities with high density populations. According to Truckers report [6], one commercial truck uses up to 20,000 gallons of fuel in one year (estimated with a driving distance of 230,000 km) and a standard family car uses 500 gallons (20,000 km) These consumption numbers indicate the extent of a fuel economy that is based on current engine technologies. In the case of e-HDTs (and electric-drive cars in general) the key drivers for cost-efficiency are battery prices and developments in battery technologies They should provide an economically feasible alternative for current diesel engines [2]. The purpose for this selective literature review is to understand: How does the selected academic literature approach and propose solutions for the mitigation of emissions from trucks in freight transport, and what are the most relevant methods for reducing them in this article set?
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