Abstract
The evolution of the microstructure changes during hot deformation of high-chromium content of stainless steels (martensitic stainless steels) is reviewed. The microstructural changes taking place under high-temperature conditions and the associated mechanical behaviors are presented. During the continuous dynamic recrystallization (cDRX), the new grains nucleate and growth in materials with high stacking fault energies (SFE). On the other hand, new ultrafine grains could be produced in stainless steel material irrespective of the SFE employing high deformation and temperatures. The gradual transformation results from the dislocation of sub-boundaries created at low strains into ultrafine grains with high angle boundaries at large strains. There is limited information about flow stress and monitoring microstructure changes during the hot forming of martensitic stainless steels. For this reason, continuous dynamic recrystallization (cDRX) is still not entirely understood for these types of metals. Recent studies of the deformation behavior of martensitic stainless steels under thermomechanical conditions investigated the relationship between the microstructural changes and mechanical properties. In this review, grain formation under thermomechanical conditions and dynamic recrystallization behavior of this type of steel during the deformation phase is discussed.
Highlights
Martensitic stainless steels (MSS) are a family of alloys composed mainly of iron, chromium (Cr), and carbon (c) as main elements [1]
The word recrystallization usually refers to the replacement of a deformation microstructure by new grains [62,63]
Increasing deformation leads to fluctuations in the grain boundary, leading to the formation of serrations and bulges that eventually transform into new strain-free grains [78,79,80]
Summary
Martensitic stainless steels (MSS) are a family of alloys composed mainly of iron, chromium (Cr), and carbon (c) as main elements [1]. MSS have a martensitic crystal structure in the hardened condition [2] They are ferromagnetic, treatable and have better corrosion resistance comparing to other types of stainless steels (SS). Some other elements like molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) are added to carbide for strengthening the MSS [9] In such cases, Mo2 C and W2 C can improve the strength of MSS. The high carbon content favors the formation of some carbides with other elements like niobium, silicon, tungsten, and vanadium, which increase the wear resistance of MSS. The high carbon content favors the formation of some carbides w elements like niobium, silicon, tungsten, and vanadium, which increase the w sistance of MSS.
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