Abstract
Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is an essential mitochondrial protein which takes part in the electron transport system and apoptosis. Cyt c also scavenges reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidizes cardiolipin during apoptosis. The recent finding that cyt c is phosphorylated in vivo for the important role of cyt c in the regulation of making life and death decisions. An apoptotic sequence of events takes place which involves changes in cyt c phosphorylation, increased ROS through increased mitochondrial membrane potentials, the oxidation of cardiolipin by cyt c, and its release from the mitochondria. Cyt c regulation in respiration and cellular death is discussed about human disease which includes neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and sepsis.
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